ANTHRACNOSE (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.) OF LITCHI FRUIT (Litchi chinensis Soon.) IN OAXACA, MEXICO

Misael Martínez-Bolaños, Daniel Téliz-Ortíz, Antonio Mora-Aguilera, Guadalupe Valdovinos-Ponce, Daniel Nieto-Ángel, Eliseo García-Pérez, Vladimir Sánchez-López

Abstract


Anthracnose of litchi fruits was characterized by internal and external brown circular lesions with well-defined margins on the pericarp, but not on the aril or seed. Colletotrichum sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Fusarium sp., and Lasiodiplodia sp. were isolated from symptomatic fruit pericarp samples of cultivars Mauritius and Brewster in 2008-2010 cycles. Colletotrichum sp. (51%) and Pestalotiopsis sp. (17%) were isolated more frequently from symptomatic fruit pericarp samples of cultivar Mauritius in 2009. Colletotrichum sp. was isolated on PDA (39%) and in semi-selective medium (59%) from symptomatic Mauritius fruit pericarp samples in 2010, and from asymptomatic pericarp Brewster samples in 2009 (32%) and 2010 (21%) on PDA and 10% in semi-selective medium; however it was not isolated from asymptomatic Mauritius pericarp in neither of the two harvesting years. Only Colletotrichum sp., reproduced the disease in the laboratory (17 out of 20 inoculated fruits) and in the field (19 out of 20 inoculated fruits). The fungus was morphologically and molecularly identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.


Keywords


Brewster; incidence; Mauritius; pathogenicity; PCR; pericarp

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alvarez GLA. 1949. Anthracnose of the Annonaceae in Puerto Rico. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 33: 27-43.

Ann PJ, Tsai JN, Wang IT and Young HR. 2004. Litchi fruit anthracnose and the cause of black skin. Plant Pathology Bulletin 13: 299-308.

Barnett LH and Hunter BB. 2006. Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi. Minessota. The American Phytopathological Society Press. 218 p.

BLAST®. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. Available at: blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi. Accessed on July 13, 2011.

Brooks AN. 1931. Anthracnose of strawberry caused by Colletotrichum fragariae, n. sp. Phytopathology 21: 739-744.

Campbell RJ and Campbell CW. 2001. Evaluation and introduction of lychee cultivars in South Florida, USA. Acta Horticulturae 558: 119-123.

Chen HJ and Hong QZ. 1992. A study on the senescence and browning in the pericarp of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn) during storage. Acta Horticulturae Sinica 19: 227-232.

Coates LM, Johnson GI, Sardsud U and Cooke AW. 1994.

Postharvest diseases of lychee in Australia, and their control. In: Johnson GL and Highley E (Eds.) Development of Postharvest Handling Technology for Tropical Tree Fruits: A Workshop Held. Bangkok: ACIAR. pp. 68-69.

Cooke T, Persley D and House S. 2009. Diseases of Fruit Crops in Australia. Queesland. CSIRO Publishing. Pp: 145-148.

Davis MJ. 2003. Lychee anthracnose inoculums sources. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 116: 12-15.

Dinh SQ, Chongwungse J, Pongam P and Sangchote S. 2003. Fruit infection by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and anthracnose resistance of some mango cultivars in Thailand. Australasian Plant Pathology 32: 533-538.

Freeman S, Minz D, Jurkevitch E, Maymon M and Shabi E. 2000. Molecular analyses of Colletotrichum species from almond and other fruits. Phytopathology 90: 608-614.

Gunnell PS and Gubler WD. 1992. Taxonomy and morphology of Colletotrichum species pathogenic on strawberry. Mycologia 84: 157-165.

Hanlin RT. 1990. Illustrated Genera of Ascomycetes. Minnesota. American Phytopathological Society Press. 263 p.

Huang X, Li J, Wang H, Huang H and Gao F. 2001. The relationship between fruit cracking and calcium in litchi pericarp. Acta Horticulturae 558: 209-215.

Johnson GI and Cooke AW. 2002. Postharvest disease control in Lychee. Acta Horticulturae 575: 705-715.

Johnston PR and Jones D. 1997. Relationship among Colletotrichum isolates from fruit rots assessed using rDNA sequences. Mycologia 89: 420-430.

Li X, Liu A and Chen W. 2005. Studies on development and control of anthracnose of lychee fruit before and after harvest. Acta Horticulturae 665: 409-413.

Liu A, Chen W and Li X. 2006. Developments of anthracnose on harvested litchi fruits and the effects of the disease on storage of the fruits. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica 33: 351-356.

Liu A, Chen W and Li XY. 2003. Biological characteristics of the pathogenic fungus causing anthracnose of litchi. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica 33: 313-316.

Mills PR, Sreenivasaprasad S and Brown AE. 1992. Detection and differentiation of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates using PCR. FEMS Microbiology Letters 98: 137-144.

Mitra SK, Pereira LS, Pathak PK and Majumdar D. 2005. Fruit abscission pattern on lychee cultivars. Acta Horticulturae 665: 215-218.

Nacif SR, Paoli AAS and Salomão LCC. 2001. Morphological and anatomical development of the litchi fruit (Litchi chinensis Sonn. cv. Brewster). Fruits 56: 225-233.

Photita W, Taylor PWJ, Ford R, Hyde KD and Lumyong S. 2005. Morphological and molecular characterization of Colletotrichum species from herbaceous plants in Thailand. Fungal Diversity 18: 117-133.

Sambrook J and Russel DW. 2001. Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual Third edition. New York. Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press. 46 p.

SAS Institute. 1997. The SAS System for Windows. Release 6.12. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute Inc.

SIAP. Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera. Available at: www.siap.gob.mx/agricultura-producción-anual/. Accessed on June 29, 2015.

Smith BJ and Black LL. 1990. Morphological, cultural and pathogenic variation among Colletotrichum species isolated from strawberry. Plant Disease 74: 69-76.

Sutton BC. 1980. The Coelomycetes: Fungi Imperfecti With Pycnidia Acervuli and Stroma Surrey. Cabi Publishing. 696 p.

Sutton BC. 1992. The genus Glomerella and its anamorph Colletotrichum. In: Bailey JA and Jeger MJ (Eds.) Colletotrichum: Biology, Pathology and Control. Wallingford. CAB International. pp: 1-26.

Underhill SJR and Critchley C. 1993. Physiological, biochemical and anatomical changes in lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pericarp during storage. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 68: 327-335.

White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S and Taylor J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JH and White TJ (Eds.) PCR Protocols. Academic Press. Pp: 315-322.

Xu X, Wu Z, Chen W and Su M. 2005. Effect of low temperature on relative enzyme activity and membrane peroxidization of lychee fruits. Acta Horticulturae 665: 359-364.

Zhang DL and Quantick PC. 1997. Effects of chitosan coating on enzymatic browning and decay during postharvest storage of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 12: 195-02.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.