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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmfi</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Revista mexicana de fitopatología</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Rev. mex. fitopatol</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">0185-3309</issn>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2007-8080</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología A.C.</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18781/R.MEX.FIT.2402-9</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Artículo Científico</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Diversidad filogenómica y minería genómica de especies tipo del género <italic>Bacillus</italic>: Buscando genes asociados al control biológico</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Martinez-Vidales</surname>
						<given-names>Andrea Denisse</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Cervantes-Enríquez</surname>
						<given-names>Errikka Patricia</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Ruiz-Castrejón</surname>
						<given-names>Abraham</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Romero-Silva</surname>
						<given-names>José Humberto</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Ortega-Urquieta</surname>
						<given-names>Maria Edith</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Parra-Cota</surname>
						<given-names>Fannie Isela</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Santos-Villalobos</surname>
						<given-names>Sergio de los</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1">*</xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1 </label>
				<institution content-type="original"> Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de febrero 818 sur, 85000 Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México </institution>
				<institution content-type="normalized">Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<postal-code>85000</postal-code>
					<city>Ciudad Obregón</city>
					<state>Sonora</state>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="MX">Mexico</country>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2">
				<label>2 </label>
				<institution content-type="original"> Campo Experimental Norman E. Borlaug, INIFAP, Norman E. Borlaug km 12, 85000 Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México </institution>
				<institution content-type="normalized">INIFAP</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">INIFAP</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<postal-code>85000</postal-code>
					<city>Ciudad Obregón</city>
					<state>Sonora</state>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="MX">Mexico</country>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff3">
				<label>3</label>
				<institution content-type="original"> Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de febrero 818 sur, 85000 Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México </institution>
				<institution content-type="normalized">Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<postal-code>85000</postal-code>
					<city>Ciudad Obregón</city>
					<state>Sonora</state>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="MX">Mexico</country>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c1">
					<label><italic>*</italic></label><bold>
 <italic>Autor de correspondencia</italic>:</bold> Sergio de los Santos-Villalobos <email>sergio.delossantos@itson.edu.mx</email>
				</corresp>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>14</day>
				<month>11</month>
				<year>2024</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<season>May-Aug</season>
				<year>2024</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>42</volume>
			<issue>2</issue>
			<elocation-id>RMEXFIT2402-9</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>16</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2024</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>31</day>
					<month>03</month>
					<year>2024</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="es">
					<license-p>Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<abstract>
				<title>Resumen</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Antecedentes y Objetivo. </title>
					<p><italic>Bacillus</italic> es un género bacteriano cosmopolita con una gran diversidad genómica. Así, al explorar su genoma, es posible comprender más sobre los rasgos fisiológicos y bioquímicos involucrados en su control biológico contra fitopatógenos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue correlacionar las relaciones filogenómicas de las especies tipo del género <italic>Bacillus</italic> con la presencia de clústeres de genes asociados al control biológico de fitopatógenos, mediante la minería del genoma.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Materiales y métodos. </title>
					<p>Con base en la literatura se han reportado 336 especies pertenecientes al género <italic>Bacillus</italic>; sin embargo, después de la reclasificación, se reconocieron un total de 123 especies tipo y se encontraron sus genomas en la plataforma EzBioCloud (http://www.ezbiocloud.net/). Para este trabajo se utilizaron los índices relacionados al genoma completo (OGRIs), que indican qué tan similares son dos secuencias de un genoma. Luego, se utilizó la plataforma Realphy para crear el árbol filogenómico 1.13 (referencia del constructor de filogenia basado en acciones). Finalmente, la predicción de clústeres de genes biosintéticos (BGC) asociados con el control biológico de fitopatógenos se realizó utilizando antiSMASH v6.0 (https://antismash. secondarymetabolites.org/).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Resultados. </title>
					<p>La presente estrategia permitió correlacionar y predecir la capacidad de control biológico de las especies de <italic>Bacillus</italic> en estudio con base en su afiliación taxonómica ya que a una distancia evolutiva más corta a <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic> indicó una alta capacidad potencial para producir compuestos de control biológico. Sin embargo, no se descarta la posibilidad de que adquieran la capacidad de producir nuevos compuestos de biocontrol durante su separación evolutiva.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusión. </title>
					<p>Este trabajo valida la correlación entre la filiación taxonómica de las especies de <italic>Bacillus</italic> estudiadas y su capacidad de control biológico, lo que es útil en la etapa de bioprospección para diseñar bioplaguicidas prometedores.</p>
				</sec>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="es">
				<title>Palabras clave:</title>
				<kwd>Biocontrol</kwd>
				<kwd>Minería del genoma</kwd>
				<kwd>Bacillus</kwd>
				<kwd>AntiSMASH</kwd>
				<kwd>Taxonomía.</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="2"/>
				<table-count count="4"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="76"/>
				<page-count count="0"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introducción</title>
			<p>El género <italic>Bacillus</italic> es un grupo grande y diverso de bacilos gram-positivos aerobios (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B62">Tejera-Hernández <italic>et al</italic>., 2011</xref>; Zeigler y Perkins, 2021), pertenecientes al filo Firmicutes, clase Bacilli, orden Bacillales y familia Bacillaceae (VillarrealDelgado <italic>et al</italic>., 2018). Este género bacteriano fue reportado por primera vez por Ferdinand Cohn en 1872 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Errington y Van, 2020</xref>). Éste comprende bacterias ubicuas aisladas de diversos ambientes, como agua (salada y dulce), alimentos y suelo (estando muy presente en la rizósfera de varios cultivos). Estas especies de <italic>Bacillus</italic> también son formadoras de endoesporas; las cuales están estructuradas por paredes gruesas dentro de las células bacterianas, y compuestas de proteínas, esto protege el genoma bacteriano (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">Basta y Annamaraju, 2024</xref>). Además, son resistentes a temperaturas extremas, bajo contenido de agua, rayos ultravioleta (UV) y procesamiento químico y físico (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">Cho y Chung, 2020</xref>), y permiten que las bacterias sobrevivan ante condiciones desfavorables (Zeigler y Perkins, 2021).</p>
			<p>El género <italic>Bacillus</italic> se encuentra ampliamente distribuido en agroecosistemas (colonizando suelos, agua y plantas), y es el género de bacterias más estudiado y mejor descrito, con base en diversos análisis e investigaciones centrados en su diversidad genética y metabólica. Así, por sus características destacadas, <italic>Bacillus</italic> es un género que alberga especies que cumplen importantes funciones biológicas y pueden producir una variedad de enzimas (amilasa, glucoamilasa, etc.), antibióticos y metabolitos (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">Celandroni <italic>et al</italic>., 2019</xref>). Se ha reportado que <italic>Bacillus</italic> tiene un gran impacto en diferentes áreas de la vida, principalmente en la agricultura, donde ha sido ampliamente utilizado debido a sus características metabólicas asociadas con la mejora de la disponibilidad de nutrientes por parte de las plantas, la inducción de la defensa de las plantas, la producción de ACC desaminasa y síntesis de fitohormonas, mejora del crecimiento vegetal y asimilación de nutrientes en condiciones de estrés y control de enfermedades fitopatógenas (Valenzuela-Ruíz <italic>et al</italic>., 2019; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">Ibarra-Villarreal <italic>et al</italic>., 2021</xref>).</p>
			<p>Uno de los principales rasgos funcionales del género <italic>Bacillus</italic> en la agricultura es el control biológico de fitopatógenos. Los agentes de control biológico (ACB) son organismos benéficos con capacidad genética para la producción de metabolitos, reduciendo los impactos negativos de los patógenos vegetales en los cultivos (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B70">Villarreal-Delgado <italic>et al</italic>., 2018</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">de los Santos Villalobos <italic>et al</italic>., 2019</xref>). Algunas de las principales formas en que estas especies previenen el establecimiento y desarrollo de organismos fitopatógenos son a través de una amplia versatilidad de mecanismos de control biológico, incluida la producción de antibióticos, sideróforos, enzimas líticas, toxinas y la inducción de resistencia sistémica de las plantas (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">Layton <italic>et al</italic>., 2011</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B62">Tejera-Hernández <italic>et al</italic>., 2011</xref>).</p>
			<p>Además, <italic>Bacillus</italic> puede producir metabolitos secundarios con actividad de biocontrol, como los lipopéptidos, produciendo al menos 98 tipos diferentes, los más comunes son surfactina, iturina y fengicina (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">Lam <italic>et al</italic>., 2021</xref>). Estas moléculas tienen naturaleza anfifílica o anfipática (un extremo hidrófilo, soluble en agua e hidrófobo), interfieren en la membrana citoplasmática de células bacterianas o fúngicas, actuando como antimicrobianos e induciendo resistencia sistémica en las plantas hospedantes, estimulando mecanismos de defensa (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B70">Villarreal-Delgado <italic>et al</italic>., 2018</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B50">Penha <italic>et al</italic>., 2020</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B64">Valenzuela-Ruiz <italic>et al</italic>., 2020</xref>).</p>
			<p>Los lipopéptidos se integran en tres familias diferentes, las cuales se identifican como i) fengicinas, uno de los principales tipos de lipopéptidos cíclicos producidos por <italic>Bacillus</italic> que exhibe una alta actividad antibacteriana y antifúngica (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">Medeot <italic>et al</italic>., 2020</xref>); ii) surfactinas, representadas con péptidos de siete aminoácidos, e incluyen variantes como pumilacidina, liquenisina y halobactina; estos lipopéptidos son biosurfactantes muy eficientes contra la estructura de la membrana biológica de los patógenos (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Fira <italic>et al</italic>., 2018</xref>); y iii) iturinas, un potente lipopéptido antifúngico compuesto por una cadena de ácido graso β-amino con 14-17 carbonos y un heptapéptido cíclico (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">Dang <italic>et al</italic>., 2019</xref>). Así, mediante la liberación de estas familias de lipopéptidos cíclicos, la germinación de diversos patógenos se controla principalmente mediante la alteración de sus membranas celulares, lo que afecta el desarrollo celular (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B63">Tunsagool <italic>et al</italic>., 2021</xref>). De esta manera, debido a la amplia cantidad de metabolitos secundarios producidos por <italic>Bacillus</italic>, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo predecir la presencia de estas capacidades biológicas en función de la afiliación taxonómica de su especie tipo.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="materials|methods">
			<title>Materiales y Métodos</title>
			<p><bold>Secuencias genómicas de especies tipo del género <italic>Bacillus</italic>.</bold> Con base en la literatura se han reportado 336 especies pertenecientes al género <italic>Bacillus</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42">Mendoza y Pazmiña, 2021</xref>); sin embargo, después de la reclasificación, se obtuvieron un total de 123 especies tipo y se encontraron sus genomas en la plataforma EzBioCloud <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ezbiocloud.net/)">(http://www.ezbiocloud.net/). </ext-link>Las cepas tipo de especies de <italic>Bacillus</italic> estudiadas se indican en la <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Cuadro 1</xref>.</p>
			<p>Análisis filogenómico e índices relacionados al genoma completo (OGRIs). Los índices relacionados al genoma completo (OGRIs) indican qué tan similares son dos secuencias de un genoma y, por lo tanto, nos ayudan a identificar si estamos ante una especie previamente reportada o una nueva especie, se reportó su uso por primera vez por <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">Chun y sus colaboradores en 2018</xref>. Este trabajo se basó en la obtención del tipo genomas de cada cepa tipo estudiada relacionada utilizando un valor de similitud ≥ 98,7% en el gen 16S ARNr con la cepa de interés (Chun <italic>et al</italic>., 2018; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44">Morales <italic>et al</italic>., 2021</xref>). Estos índices incluyen la obtención de la identidad promedio de nucleótidos (ANI), que se obtuvo utilizando la Calculadora ANI en la plataforma Ezbiocloud. ANI y OrthoANI son algoritmos comparables porque comparten el mismo límite de demarcación de especies de 95 96% (EzBioCloud, 2017). Además, se realizó un análisis ANI para obtener una medida confiable de la distancia evolutiva de la especie. El software utilizado para calcular estos valores de ANI fue JspeciesWS, que nos permite analizar y comparar límites de especies entre genomas, borradores de genomas o secuencias parciales de genomas aleatorios, y permite medir la probabilidad de que dos o más genomas pertenezcan a la misma especie comparando los valores del ANI (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B51">Richter y Rosselló-Móra, 2009</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">Arahal, 2014</xref>).</p>
			<p>Además, las cepas estudiadas fueron sometidas a un análisis exhaustivo utilizando la versión 2.1 del servidor web calculadora de distancia genoma a genoma (https://ggdc.dsmz.de/), reportado por primera vez por <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">Meier-Kolthoff y colaboradores en 2013</xref>. Este software aplica un método <italic>in silico</italic> para la delimitación de subespecies o especies (scilicet, una consulta y una referencia) que limita los valores de hibridación ADN-ADN (DDH) para una restricción universal y específica de especies o subespecies procarióticas, así mismo, calcula la distancia intergenómica basándose en tres fórmulas diferentes (Meier‐Kolthoff <italic>et al</italic>., 2013; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B75">Zhang <italic>et al</italic>., 2018</xref>). Aquí se colocaron dos genomas, uno de referencia y otro de interés, como resultado se analizó la relación entre los genomas utilizando la fórmula 2, que es la suma de todas las identidades encontradas en las HSP y se multiplica x2 y dividido por la suma de la longitud total de las HSP de ambos genomas (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44">Morales <italic>et al</italic>., 2021</xref>). En este trabajo se utilizó la fórmula 2 porque es independiente de la longitud del genoma y es la única que se puede utilizar con genomas secuenciados de forma incompleta, evitando así errores (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Auch <italic>et al</italic>., 2010</xref>). </p>
			<p>Se utilizó la plataforma Realphy para crear el árbol filogenómico 1.13 (filogenética basada en alineamiento de referencia). Este software permite la creación de árboles filogenómicos a partir de datos de secuencia genómica, para realizar este</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t1">
					<label>Cuadro 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Especies de cepa tipo pertenecientes al género <italic>Bacillus</italic> descargadas de la plataforma EzBioCloud, que fueron utilizadas en este estudio.</title>
					</caption>
					<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0">
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th># </th>
								<th>Especies </th>
								<th>Cepa </th>
								<th># </th>
								<th>Especies </th>
								<th>Cepa </th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td>1 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. abyssalis</td>
								<td>DSM 25875(type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">47 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. glycinifermentans</td>
								<td>GO-13(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>2 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. aquimaris</td>
								<td>TF12(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">48 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. gobiensis</td>
								<td>FJAT-4402(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>3 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. aryabhattai</td>
								<td>B8W22(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">49 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. halotolerans</td>
								<td>FJAT-2398(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>4 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. camelliae</td>
								<td>7578-1(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">50 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. haynesii</td>
								<td>NRRL B-41327(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>5 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. circulans</td>
								<td>NBRC 13626(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">51 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. humi</td>
								<td>DSM 16318(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>6 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. endophyticus</td>
								<td>DSM 13796(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">52 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. inaquosorum</td>
								<td>KCTC 13429(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>7 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. filamentosus</td>
								<td>SGD-14(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">53 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. koreensis</td>
								<td>DSM 16467(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>8 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. halmapalus</td>
								<td>DSM 8723(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">54 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. korlensis</td>
								<td>NBRC 107688(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>9 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. horikoshii</td>
								<td>DSM 8719(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">55 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. kwashiorkori</td>
								<td>SIT6(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>10 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. idriensis</td>
								<td>DSM 19097(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">56 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. kyonggiensis</td>
								<td>NB22(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>11 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. marisflavi</td>
								<td>JCM 11544(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">57 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. lacus</td>
								<td>KCTC 33946(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>12 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. megaterium</td>
								<td>ATCC 14581(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">58 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. lentus</td>
								<td>NCTC 4824(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>13 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. nealsonii</td>
								<td>FO-92(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">59 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. licheniformis</td>
								<td>ATCC 14580(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>14 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. solitudinis</td>
								<td>Type (FJAT-45122) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">60 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. luciferensis</td>
								<td>DSM 18845(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>15 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. sporothermodurans</td>
								<td>Type (DSM 10599) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">61 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. luti</td>
								<td>TD41(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>16 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. acidiceler</td>
								<td>DSM 18954(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">62 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. mangrovi</td>
								<td>KCTC 33872(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>17 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. acidicola</td>
								<td>FJAT-2406(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">63 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. manliponensis</td>
								<td>JCM 15802(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>18 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. acidinfaciens</td>
								<td>3-2-2(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">64 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. marasmi</td>
								<td>Marseille-P3556(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>19 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. acidiproducens</td>
								<td>DSM 23148(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">65 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. marinisedimentorum</td>
								<td>NC2-31(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>20 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. aciditolerans</td>
								<td>YN-1(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">66 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. massiliogabonensis</td>
								<td>Marseille-P2639(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>21 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. albus</td>
								<td>N35-10-2(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">67 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. massiliosenegalensis</td>
								<td>JC6(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>22 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. alkalitelluris</td>
								<td>DSM 16976(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">68 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. methanolicus</td>
								<td>NCIMB 13113(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>23 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. altitudinis</td>
								<td>41KF2b(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">69 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. mobilis</td>
								<td>0711P9-1(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>24 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. amyloliquefaciens</td>
								<td>DSM 7(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">70 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. mojavensis</td>
								<td>KCTC 3706(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>25 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. andreraoultii</td>
								<td>SIT1(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">71 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. mycoides</td>
								<td>ATCC 6462(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>26 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. anthracis</td>
								<td>Vollum(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">72 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. nakamurai</td>
								<td>NRRL B-41091(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>27 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. atrophaeus</td>
								<td>NRRL NRS 213(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">73 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. natronophilus</td>
								<td>M30(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>28 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. aurantiacus</td>
								<td>DSM 18675(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">74 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. niameyensis</td>
								<td>SIT3(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>29 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. australimaris</td>
								<td>NH7I_1(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">75 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. nitratireducens</td>
								<td>4049(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>30 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. badius</td>
								<td>MTCC 1458(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">76 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. oleivorans</td>
								<td>JC228(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>31 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. bingmayongensis</td>
								<td>FJAT-13831(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">77 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. oleronius</td>
								<td>DSM 9356(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>32 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. cabrialesii</td>
								<td>TE3(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">78 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. onubensis</td>
								<td>0911MAR22V3(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>33 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. cereus</td>
								<td>ATCC 14579(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">79 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. oryziterrae</td>
								<td>ZYK(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>34 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. coagulans</td>
								<td>ATCC 7050(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">80 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. pacificus</td>
								<td>EB422(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>35 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. coahuilensis</td>
								<td>m4-4(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">81 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. panaciterrae</td>
								<td>DSM 19096(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>36 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. cohnii</td>
								<td>DSM 6307(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">82 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. paralichenformis</td>
								<td>KJ-16(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>37 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. cytotoxicus</td>
								<td>NVH 391-98(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">83 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. paramycoides</td>
								<td>NH24A2(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>38 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. dakarensis</td>
								<td>Marseille-P3515(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">84 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. paranthracis</td>
								<td>Mn5(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>39 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. dielmoensis</td>
								<td>FF4(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">85 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. pasinlerensis</td>
								<td>P1(2020)(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>40 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. enclensis</td>
								<td>SGD-1123(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">86 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. piezotolerans</td>
								<td>Type (YLB-04) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>41 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. flexus</td>
								<td>NBRC 15715(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">87 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. populi</td>
								<td>Type (FJAT-45347) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>42 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. fordii</td>
								<td>DSM 16014(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">88 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. proteolyticus</td>
								<td>Type (TD42) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>43 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. fortis</td>
								<td>DSM 16012(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">89 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. pseudomycoides</td>
								<td>Type (DSM 12442) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>44 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. fungorum</td>
								<td>17-SMS-01(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">90 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. pumilus</td>
								<td>Type (NCTC 10337) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>45 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. gaemokensis</td>
								<td>KCTC 13318(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">91 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. rubiinfantis</td>
								<td>Type (MT2) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>46 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. glennii</td>
								<td>V44-8(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">92 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. safensis</td>
								<td>Type (FO-36b) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center">93 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. salacetis</td>
								<td>Type (SKP7-4) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">109 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. thermotolerans</td>
								<td>SGZ-8(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center">94 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. salsus</td>
								<td>Type (IBRC-M10078) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">110 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. thuringiensis</td>
								<td>ATCC 10792(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center">95 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. shackletonii</td>
								<td>Type (LMG 18435) </td>
								<td> </td>
								<td>(gv. thuringiensis) </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center">96 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. siamensis</td>
								<td>Type (KCTC 13613) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">111 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. timonensis</td>
								<td>10403023(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center">97 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. sinesaloumensis</td>
								<td>Type (Marseille-P3516) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">112 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. toyonensis</td>
								<td>BCT-7112(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center">98 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. siralis</td>
								<td>Type (171544) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">113 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. tropicus</td>
								<td>N24(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center">99 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. smithii</td>
								<td>Type (DSM 4216) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">114 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. vallismortis</td>
								<td>DSM 11031(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center">100 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. solimangrovi</td>
								<td>Type (GH2-4) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">115 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. velezensis</td>
								<td>NRRL B-41580(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center">101 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. solisilvae</td>
								<td>Type (NEAU-cbsb5) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">116 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. vietnamensis</td>
								<td>NBRC 101237(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center">102 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. sonorensis</td>
								<td>Type (NBRC 101234) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">117 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. weihaiensis</td>
								<td>Alg07(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center">103 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. spizizenii</td>
								<td>Type (TU-B-10) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">118 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. wiedmannii</td>
								<td>FSL W8-0169(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center">104 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. subtilis</td>
								<td>NCIB 3610(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">119 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. wudalianchiensis</td>
								<td>FJAT-27215(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center">105 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. swezeyi</td>
								<td>NRRL B-41294(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">120 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. xiamenensis</td>
								<td>HYC-10(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center">106 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. taxi</td>
								<td>M5HDSG1-1(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">121 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. xiapuensis</td>
								<td>FJAT-46582(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center">107 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. tequilensis</td>
								<td>KCTC 13622(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">122 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. yapensis</td>
								<td>XXST-01(Type) </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center">108 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. terrae</td>
								<td>LMG 29 oki 736(Type) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">123 </td>
								<td style="font-style:italic">B. zhangzhouensis</td>
								<td>DW5-4(Type) </td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>proceso fue necesario introducir varios genomas de referencia en formato FASTA o Genbank (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">Bertels <italic>et al</italic>., 2014</xref>). El árbol filogenómico se realizó por primera vez en el software <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">CLC Sequence Viewer v8.0</xref> (https://clc-sequence-viewer.software. informer.com/8.0/), que proporciona acceso al análisis genómico en formato FASTQ, que proporciona acceso a análisis bioinformáticos básicos (QIAGEN, 2017).</p>
			<p>Minería del genoma. La predicción de grupos de genes biosintéticos (BGC) asociados con el control biológico de fitopatógenos se realizó utilizando antiSMASH v6.0 (https://antismash. secondarymetabolites.org/) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Blin <italic>et al</italic>., 2021</xref>). Esta estrategia permite la identificación, detección y caracterización de anotaciones rápidas y análisis de grupos de genes biosintéticos responsables de la biosíntesis, regulación, resistencia y transporte de metabolitos. Se utilizaron archivos en formato FASTA que contienen el genoma de la especie de <italic>Bacillus</italic> tipo estudiada (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B52">Roger y Castillo, 2017</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">Menezes <italic>et al</italic>., 2021</xref>).</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="results|discussion">
			<title>Resultados y Discusión</title>
			<p>Filogenia basada en el genoma. Estos análisis ayudaron a visualizar la correlación de genes entre diferentes especies de <italic>Bacillus</italic> que pueden tener capacidad de biocontrol hacia los fitopatógenos, como lo mencionan <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B60">Syazwan y colaboradores (2021</xref>). El árbol filogenómico se dividió en dos grupos distintos (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>). El primer</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f1">
					<label>Figura 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Árbol filogenómico con las 123 especies de <italic>Bacillus</italic> tipo estudiadas, donde se identificaron dos grupos principales: i) <italic>B. megaterium</italic> (color rosa) y ii) <italic>B. subtilis</italic> (color azul).</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2007-8080-rmfi-42-02-RMEXFIT2402-9-gf1.gif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>grupo pertenece a <italic>Bacillus megaterium</italic>, el cual tuvo una reclasificación de género a <italic>Priestia megaterium</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Gupta <italic>et al</italic>., 2020</xref>). Se reporta en la literatura que <italic>P. megaterium</italic> no tiene capacidad de biocontrol, por lo que se colocó como raíz en el árbol filogenómico. Se puede observar en la <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref> que existe una distancia entre <italic>P. megaterium</italic> y <italic>B. subtilis</italic>. A diferencia de <italic>P. megaterium</italic>, <italic>B. subtilis</italic> se reporta como agente de control biológico, colocar a <italic>P. megaterium</italic> como raíz permitió visualizar las especies están relacionadas con él, las cuales según la literatura no están reportadas con biocontrol, siendo que el resto de las especies suelen tener capacidad de control biológico. </p>
			<p>Algunas de las especies relacionadas con <italic>P. megaterium</italic> fueron <italic>B. abyssalis</italic>, <italic>B. camelliae</italic>, <italic>B. solitudinis</italic>, <italic>B. nealsonii</italic> y <italic>B. halmapalus</italic>, entre otras, las cuales no están reportadas con biocontrol (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B53">Saeki <italic>et al</italic>., 2002</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B68">Venkateswaran <italic>et al</italic>., 2003</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Biedendieck <italic>et al</italic>., 2021</xref>). <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic> corresponde al segundo grupo identificado en la <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>, las especies dentro de este grupo corresponden a <italic>B. dakarensis</italic>, <italic>B. siralis</italic>, <italic>B. yapensis</italic>, <italic>B. vietnamensis</italic>, <italic>B. salsus</italic>, y <italic>B. alkalitelluris</italic>, y las especies más estrechamente relacionadas con las especies de <italic>B. subtilis</italic> son <italic>B. thuringiensis</italic>, <italic>B. velezensis</italic>, <italic>B. cabrialesii</italic>, <italic>B. tequilensis</italic>, <italic>B. spizizenii</italic>, <italic>B. mojavensis</italic>, <italic>B. inaquosorum</italic>, <italic>B. halotolerans</italic>, y <italic>B. atrophaeus</italic>, ya que tiene mayor capacidad de biocontrol según la literatura (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Gupta <italic>et al.</italic>, 2020</xref>).</p>
			<p>Los resultados obtenidos muestran especies de <italic>Bacillus</italic> filogenéticamente relacionadas en el grupo 1, que comparten rasgos morfológicos. Esta característica es relevante porque nos permite comparar genes entre diferentes especies y así identificar aquellas que cumplen con la capacidad de biocontrol. Se sabe que las especies de <italic>Bacillus</italic> tienen capacidad potencial de biocontrol (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B60">Syazwan <italic>et al</italic>., 2021</xref>); algunos ejemplos son <italic>B. thuringiensis</italic>, <italic>B. amyloliquefaciens</italic>, <italic>B. nakamurai</italic>, <italic>B. siamensis</italic> y <italic>B. velezensis</italic>. Estas cepas tienen en común la producción de enzimas líticas y también producen lipopéptidos como la surfactina, por lo que pueden inducir una respuesta sistémica en la planta, lo que ayuda a la colonización de la rizosfera (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B55">Sánchez, 2016</xref>). Como se ha mencionado anteriormente, los resultados de AntiSMASH mostraron que <italic>P. megaterium</italic> no posee actividad de biocontrol. </p>
			<p>Otra especie de <italic>Bacillus</italic> situada en el grupo 1 fue la bacteria <italic>Bacillus swezeyi</italic> aislada por <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Dunlap y colaboradores (2017</xref>). Esta especie de <italic>Bacillus</italic> está estrechamente relacionada con <italic>B. licheniformis</italic>, que también posee una amplia variedad de metabolitos con aplicaciones en farmacia, alimentación, biomedicina, acuicultura y agricultura, entre otras. Además, <italic>Bacillus licheniformis</italic> puede mostrar una elevada producción de catalasa antioxidante, que elimina la presencia de peróxido de hidrógeno y anula la ausencia de microorganismos, por lo que puede acabar con microorganismos beneficos. Otros ejemplos de este clado son 10 especies de <italic>Bacillus</italic> aisladas de Xinjiang, China, como <italic>Bacillus tamaricis</italic> sp. nov., <italic>Bacillus populi</italic> sp. nov., <italic>Bacillus capparidis</italic> sp. nov., <italic>Bacillus urumqiensis</italic> sp. nov, <italic>Bacillus gobiensis</italic> sp. nov., <italic>Bacillus solani</italic> sp. nov., <italic>Bacillus salitolerans</italic> sp. nov., <italic>Bacillus shacheensis</italic> sp. nov., <italic>Bacillus deserti</italic> sp. nov. y <italic>Bacillus korlensis</italic> sp. nov. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">Liu <italic>et al</italic>., 2019</xref>). </p>
			<p>Los agentes de control biológico están enfocados a reducir o eliminar el efecto de los agentes fitopatógenos (Serrano y <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B56">Galindo, 2007</xref>). Sin embargo, la caracterización polifásica es importante para la aplicación de microorganismos seguros para la humanidad. Para determinar la capacidad de producción de compuestos de biocontrol por parte de las cepas tipo estudiadas del género <italic>Bacillus</italic>, se realizaron análisis genómicos para la identificación de clusters de genes biosintéticos de péptidos no ribosomales (NRPs) mediante AntiSMASH v 6.0 (Antibiotic and Secondary Metabolites Analysis Shell) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">Medema <italic>et al</italic>., 2011</xref>).</p>
			<p>El análisis del genoma de las cepas estudiadas proporcionó un total de 85 compuestos de control biológico (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Cuadro 2</xref>). El más prevalente fue el sideróforo Bacillibactina, que es un sideróforo catecol [un compuesto orgánico con la fórmula C6H4(OH)2]. Participa en la quelación del hierro férrico (Fe3+) del medio circundante y posteriormente se transfiere al citoplasma bacteriano mediante el uso de transportadores (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B65">Valenzuela-Ruiz <italic>et al</italic>., 2022</xref>). En este análisis, 12 especies de <italic>Bacillus</italic> mostraron esta capacidad, con un 100% de similitud en la secuencia de ADN de este cluster, <italic>B. velezensis</italic>, <italic>B. amyloliquefaciens</italic>, <italic>B. siamensis</italic>, <italic>B. nakamurai</italic>, <italic>B. atrophaeus</italic>, <italic>B. mojavensis</italic>, <italic>B. halotolerans</italic>, <italic>B. vallismortis</italic>, <italic>B. tequilensis</italic>, <italic>B. cabrialesii</italic>, <italic>B. spizizizenii</italic> y <italic>B. inaquosorum</italic>.</p>
			<p>Como ya se sabe, <italic>Bacillus</italic> es un género con gran diversidad metabólica que se asocia principalmente a su prevalencia en diferentes ecosistemas. Esta es una de las características más estudiadas de este género bacteriano, debido principalmente a su capacidad para reducir la incidencia de enfermedades en los cultivos sobre todo por la represión directa o indirecta del crecimiento de los agentes causantes de la enfermedad. Los lipopéptidos, como surfactinas, iturinas y fengicinas, protegen a la planta en condiciones de pre y poscosecha (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B64">Valenzuela-Ruiz <italic>et al</italic>., 2020</xref>). En base a los resultados de AntiSMASH, las bacterias que presentaron los mayores porcentajes en cuanto a la producción de estos lipopéptidos, son:</p>
			<p>
				<list list-type="alpha-lower">
					<list-item>
						<p>Fengicina. Es un antifúngico que inhibe los hongos filamentosos, pero es ineficaz contra levaduras y bacterias (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">Ariza y Sánchez, 2012</xref>). Entre estos compuestos antimicrobianos se encuentran los lipopéptidos cíclicos, que incluyen varios miembros de las familias químicas surfactina, iturina y fengicina. Sin embargo, no todas las especies pertenecientes al género <italic>Bacillus</italic> producen estos lipopéptidos antimicrobianos como mecanismo de defensa (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">Ley-López <italic>et al</italic>., 2022</xref>).</p>
					</list-item>
					<list-item>
						<p>Surfactina. Los biosurfactantes son sustancias de origen microbiano que tienen actividad superficial. Un grupo especialmente eficaz de biosurfactantes son los lipopéptidos, donde destaca la surfactina, que son producidos por bacterias del género <italic>Bacillus</italic> mediante la transformación de sustratos renovables (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">Luciana, 2014</xref>). La surfactina presenta funciones antimicrobianas, antitumorales y antivirales, e inhibe la formación de biopelículas de otras bacterias al interferir en la adhesión de las células a las superficies (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">Chen <italic>et al</italic>., 2022</xref>).</p>
					</list-item>
					<list-item>
						<p>Iturina. La familia de Iturinas son lipopéptidos cíclicos (CLPs) que se generan a partir de <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic> y cepas bacterianas estrechamente relacionadas, son</p>
					</list-item>
				</list>
			</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t2">
					<label>Cuadro 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Especies de <italic>Bacillus</italic> con metabolitos asociados al biocontrol de fitopatógenos, según AntiSMASH, así como los mecanismos que les corresponden en base a la literatura.</title>
					</caption>
					<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0">
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th>Grupo </th>
								<th>Especies </th>
								<th>Clústeres identificados (%) </th>
								<th>Modo de Acción </th>
								<th>Reportado por </th>
								<th> </th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center">1 </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. aquimaris </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Paeninodin (100%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
								<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. endophyticus </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Paeninodin (80%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
								<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. filamentosus </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Paeninodin (80%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
								<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. albus</td>
								<td>Petrobactin (100%) Thurincin H (70%) </td>
								<td>Siderophore Antimicrobial </td>
								<td>Ortiz et al., 2022; Manck et al., 2022 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center">2 </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. alkalitelluris </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Paeninodin (80%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
								<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. altitudinis </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacilicin (85%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Antibiotic </td>
								<td>Basso et al., 2018 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. amyloliquefaciens</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Fengycin (93%) Surfactin (82%) Bacilicin (100%) Bacillaene (100%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Siderophore Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal </td>
								<td>Luciana, 2014; Ley-López, 2022; Basso et al., 2018; Butcher et al., 2007; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. anthracis </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Petrobactin (100%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Siderophore </td>
								<td>Manck et al., 2022 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. atrophaeus</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Fengycin (86%) Surfactin (98%) Subtiliosin A (87%) Bacillaene (100%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Siderophore Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal </td>
								<td>Luciana, 2014; Ley-López, 2022; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022; Butcher et al., 2007. </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. australimaris</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacillisin (85%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Antibiotic </td>
								<td>Basso et al., 2018 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. badius</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Plantazolicin (75%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacteriocin </td>
								<td>Farzand et al., 2019 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. cabrialesii</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Fengycin (100%) Surfactin (90%) Subtiliosin A (100%) Bacillisin (100%) Bacillaene (100%) Rhizocticin (93%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Siderophore Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal and Nematicide </td>
								<td>Luciana, 2014; Ley-López, 2022; Basso et al., 2018; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022; Borisova et al., 2010; Butcher et al., 2007. </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. cereus</td>
								<td>Petrobactin (100%) Thiocillin I (100%) </td>
								<td>Siderophore Antimicrobial </td>
								<td>Manck et al., 2022; Wieland et al., 2009 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. dakarensis</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Ectoin (75%) Paeninodine (100%) </td>
								<td>Organic compound Lasso peptide </td>
								<td>Sadeghi et al., 2019; Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. flexus </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Plantazolicin (100%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacteriocin </td>
								<td>Farzand et al., 2019 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. fungorum </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Paeninodine (100%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
								<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. gaemokensis </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Paenilarvins (75%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Antifungal </td>
								<td>Sood et al., 2014 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. glycinifermentans</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Fengycin (82%) Lichenisin (100%) </td>
								<td>Antifungal Lasso peptide </td>
								<td>Ley-López, 2022; Bedoya- Cardona, 2019 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. gobiensis </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Teicuronic acid (87%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Anionic polymers </td>
								<td>Santos et al., 2019 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td> B. halotolerans</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Fengycin (93%) Surfactin (86%) Subtilosin A (100%) Bacillisin (100%) Bacillaeno (100%) </td>
								<td> Siderophore Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal </td>
								<td>Luciana, 2014; Ley-López, 2022; Basso et al., 2018; Butcher et al., 2007; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. haynesii</td>
								<td>Fengycin (100%) Bacitracin (100%) Lichenisin (100%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Antifungal Antibiotic Lasso peptide </td>
								<td>Ley-López, 2022; Fira et al., 2018; Bedoya-Cardona, 2019 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td> B. inaquosorum</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Fengycin (100%) Surfactin (82%) Subtilosin A (100%) Bacillisin (100%) Bacillaeno (100%) </td>
								<td> Siderophore Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal </td>
								<td>Luciana, 2014; Ley-López, 2022; Basso et al., 2018; Butcher et al., 2007; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. lentus </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Paeninodina (100%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
								<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. licheniformis</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Lichenisin (100%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
								<td>Bedoya-Cardona, 2019 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. luti</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Paeninodine (100%) Petrobactin (100%) </td>
								<td>Lasso peptide Siderophore </td>
								<td>Manck et al., 2022; Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. manliponensis</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Paeninodine (80%) Petrobactin (100%) </td>
								<td>Lasso peptide Siderophore </td>
								<td>Manck et al., 2022; Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. mobilis</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Paeninodine (100%) Petrobactin (100%) </td>
								<td>Lasso peptide Siderophore </td>
								<td>Manck et al., 2022; Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td> B. mojavensis</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibact (100%) Fengycin (86%) Surfactin (86%) Subtilosina A (100%) Bacilisin (100%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Siderophore Antifungal Antifungal Antibiotic Antifungal </td>
								<td>Luciana, 2014; Ley-López, 2022; Basso et al., 2018; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. mycoides</td>
								<td>Paeninodine (100%) Petrobactin (100%) </td>
								<td>Lasso peptide Siderophore </td>
								<td>Manck et al., 2022; Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. nakamurai</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactina (100%) Bacillisin (100%) Bacillaene (100%) Surfactin (81%) Fengycin (80%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Catechol-type Siderophore Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal </td>
								<td>Luciana, 2014; Ley-López, 2022; Basso et al., 2018; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Butcher et al., 2007. </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. niameyensis </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Paeninodine (80%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
								<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td> B. paralicheniformis</td>
								<td>Bacitracina (100%) Lichenisin(100%) Fengycin (92%)</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Antibiotic Lipopeptide Antifungal </td>
								<td>Ley-López, 2022; Fira et al., 2018; Bedoya-Cardona, 2019 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. nitratireducens </td>
								<td>Paeninodine (100%) Petrobactin (100%) </td>
								<td>Lasso peptide Siderophore </td>
								<td>Manck et al., 2022; Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. pasinlerensis</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Geobacillin (80%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacteriocin </td>
								<td>Vaičikauskaitė et al., 2019 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. populi </td>
								<td>Paeninodine (100%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
								<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. proteolyticus </td>
								<td>Petrobactin (100%) Paeninodine (80%) </td>
								<td>Lasso peptide Siderophore </td>
								<td>Manck et al., 2022; Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. pseudomycoides</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Pseudomycoicidin (100%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Lantibiotic </td>
								<td>Basi-Chipalu et al., 2015 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td> B. pumilus</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Plantazolicina (91%) Bacillisin (85%) Lichenisin (85%) </td>
								<td>Bacteriocin Antifungal Lipopeptide </td>
								<td>Basso et al., 2018; BedoyaCardona, 2019; Farzand et al., 2019 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td> B. safensis</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Plantazolicina (91%) Bacillisin (85%) Lichenisin (85%) </td>
								<td>Bacteriocin Antifungal Lipopeptide </td>
								<td>Basso et al., 2018; BedoyaCardona, 2019; Farzand et al., 2019 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. salsus </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Paeninodine (80%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
								<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td> B. siamensis</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Fengycin (100%) Bacillaene (100%) Surfactin (90%) </td>
								<td>Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal </td>
								<td>Luciana, 2014; Ley-López, 2022; Butcher et al., 2007. </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. solitudinis </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Carotenoid (83%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Antioxidant </td>
								<td>Sontsa-Donhoung et al., 2022 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td> B. spizizenii</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Subtilosin A (100%) Bacillisin (100%) Bacillaene (100%) Mycosubtiline (100%) Surfactin (82%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Catechol-type Siderophore Antibiotic Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal </td>
								<td> Luciana, 2014; Basso et al., 2018; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022; Butcher et al., 2007. </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td>B. subtilis</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Fengycin (100%) Subtilosin A (100%) Bacillisin (100%) Bacillaene (100%) Bacillicatin (100%) Esporulation (100%) Surfactin (82%) Thiocillin I (70%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Catechol-type Siderophore Antifungal Antibiotic Antifungal Antifungal Siderophore Sporulation Antifungal Antimicrobial </td>
								<td>Luciana, 2014; Ley-López, 2022; Basso et al., 2018; Moldenhauer et al., 2010; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022; Wieland et al., 2009; Butcher et al., 2007. </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td> B. swezeyi</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacillaene (100%) Bacitracin (88%) Mersacidin (100%) </td>
								<td>Antifungal Antibiotic Antibiótic </td>
								<td>Moldenhauer et al., 2010; Fira et al., 2018; Diabankana et al., 2022; Butcher et al., 2007. </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td> B. tequilensis</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Fengycin (86%) Surfactin (90%) Subtilosina A (100%) Bacillisin (100%) Rhizocticin A (70%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Catechol-type Siderophore Antifungal Antifungal Antibiotic Antibiotic </td>
								<td> Basso et al., 2018; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022; Borisova et al., 2010; Kugler et al., 1990 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. thermotolerans </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Ectoin (75%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Organic compound </td>
								<td>Sadeghi et al., 2019 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. thuringiensis (gv. thuringiensis)</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Petrobactin (100%) Turicin (100%) Zwittermicin A (96%) </td>
								<td>Siderophore Bacteriocins Antibiotic </td>
								<td>Manck et al., 2022; Stabb et al., 1994 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. timonensis </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Paeninodine (80%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
								<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. toyonensis </td>
								<td>Petrobactin (100%) Paeninodine (80%) </td>
								<td>Siderophore Lasso peptide </td>
								<td>Manck et al., 2022 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. tropicus </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Petrobactin (100%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Siderophore </td>
								<td>Manck et al., 2022 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td> B. vallismortis</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Fengycin (100%) Bacillisin (100%) Subtilin (100%) Surfactin (82%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Catechol-type Siderophore Antifungal Antibiotic Antibiotic Antifungal </td>
								<td>Basso et al., 2018; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td> B. velezensis</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Fengycin (100%) Bacillisin (100%) Mersacidin (100%) Diffcidin (100%) Macrolactin H (100%) Surfactin (94%) Bacillaene (85%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Catechol-type Siderophore Antifungal Antibiotic Antibiotic Antimicrobial Antimicrobial Antifungal </td>
								<td> Ley-López, 2022; Basso et al., 2018; Moldenhauer et al., 2010; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Diabankana et al., 2022; Nagao et al., 2001; Butcher et al., 2007. </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. weihaiensis </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Carotenoid (83%) Cerecidin A1-A7 (76%) </td>
								<td>Antioxidant Antimicrobial </td>
								<td>Sontsa-Donhoung et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2014 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. wiedmannii </td>
								<td>Paeninodine (100%) Petrobactin (100%) </td>
								<td>Lasso peptide Siderophore </td>
								<td>Manck et al., 2022 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. xiapuensis </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Mersacidin (100%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Antibiotic </td>
								<td>Diabankana et al., 2022 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. yapensis </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Paeninodine (80%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
								<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. zhangzhouensis</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacillisin (85%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Antifungal </td>
								<td>Basso et al., 2018 </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td> B. velezensis</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Fengycin (100%) Bacillisin (100%) Mersacidin (100%) Diffcidin (100%) Macrolactin H (100%) Surfactin (94%) Bacillaene (85%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Catechol-type Siderophore Antifungal Antibiotic Antibiotic Antimicrobial Antimicrobial Antifungal </td>
								<td> Ley-López, 2022; Basso et al., 2018; Moldenhauer et al., 2010; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Diabankana et al., 2022; Nagao et al., 2001; Butcher et al., 2007. </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. weihaiensis </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Carotenoid (83%) Cerecidin A1-A7 (76%) </td>
								<td>Antioxidant Antimicrobial </td>
								<td>Sontsa-Donhoung et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2014 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. wiedmannii </td>
								<td>Paeninodine (100%) Petrobactin (100%) </td>
								<td>Lasso peptide Siderophore </td>
								<td>Manck et al., 2022 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. xiapuensis </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Mersacidin (100%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Antibiotic </td>
								<td>Diabankana et al., 2022 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. yapensis </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Paeninodine (80%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
								<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. zhangzhouensis</td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Bacillisin (85%) </td>
								<td style="text-align:center">Antifungal </td>
								<td>Basso et al., 2018 </td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>conocidos por sus propiedades inhibitorias contra fitopatógenos (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B73">Yaraguppi <italic>et al</italic>., 2023</xref>).</p>
			<p>La actividad microbiana de estos lipopéptidos se produce principalmente por la interacción que existe con la membrana citoplasmática de las células bacterianas o fúngicas, lo que genera la formación de poros y un desequilibrio osmótico, desencadenando la muerte celular de los microorganismos fitopatógenos (VillarrealDelgado <italic>et al</italic>., 2018).</p>
			<p>Comparando los resultados de la minería de datos con los resultados filogenéticos, se puede deducir que la capacidad de producir numerosos compuestos de control biológico se ve inhibida por la separación evolutiva. Cuanto mayor es la separación evolutiva de las especies, menor se observa la producción de compuestos de control biológico, y viceversa. Sin embargo, no se descarta la posibilidad de que, durante la separación evolutiva, las especies desarrollen de nuevo la capacidad de producir estos compuestos de interés.</p>
			<p>El análisis de datos genómicos para la detección de la presencia de vías biosintéticas que permitan a los organismos producir lipopéptidos (fengicina, surfactina e iturina), es un estudio esencial que complementa los enfoques de identificación con fines biotecnológicos, para ayudarnos a comprender el funcionamiento del género <italic>Bacillus</italic>. Los bacilos tienen una estrategia para sobrevivir a condiciones ambientales extremas (temperatura, radiación, presión, pH y humedad). Además, su adaptación es posible gracias a la generación de endoesporas que mantienen la supervivencia en condiciones desfavorables (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">Borriss, 2020</xref>). El uso de AntiSMASH v 6.0 sirvió como herramienta para el estudio filogenómico y comparación del ADN obtenido de la plataforma EzBioCloud, ayudándonos a comprender las variaciones de las 123 cepas estudiadas con la ayuda del análisis GGDC versión 2.1 donde se comprobó que las cepas pueden ser divergentes o evolutivamente distantes, gracias a la minería de datos y la comparación de los resultados filogenómicos, además de las comparaciones ANI v 3.8.2.</p>
			<p>Filogenia y correlación de biocontrol. El objetivo de la filogenia es el estudio del genoma desde una perspectiva evolutiva, que consiste en comprender los mecanismos de cambio que se producen en el genoma, así como la interrelación con su evolución y las características fenotípicas. El resultado del árbol filogenómico es la relación entre los taxones del árbol filogenómico por descendencia de un ancestro común reciente, y menos relacionados si tienen un ancestro común menos reciente (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B54">Samolski, 2014</xref>). El árbol filogenómico muestra las 123 especies del género <italic>Bacillus</italic>, lo que resulta en la visualización de la comparación de secuencias de diferentes organismos y permite agruparlos en familias que corresponden a grupos de genes con cierta similitud descendientes de un gen ancestral común (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref> y <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Cuadro 2</xref>). Una de las herencias que se dan entre especies es la capacidad de biocontrol, que consiste en poder controlar enfermedades producidas por diferentes microorganismos (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Alcaraz <italic>et al</italic>., 2010</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B61">Teem <italic>et al</italic>., 2020</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">Bernal, 2021</xref>). Con base en los resultados obtenidos, de las 123 especies de <italic>Bacillus</italic> descargadas de EzBioCloud sólo 58 especies mostraron genes asociados con actividad de biocontrol; además, del total de estas especies en la literatura, sólo 39 especies de <italic>Bacillus</italic> han sido reportadas con biocontrol, donde sólo 15 especies de <italic>Bacillus</italic> podrían producir lipopéptidos, como fengicina y surfactina.</p>
			<p>El género <italic>Bacillus</italic> presenta un gran número de especies con capacidad de biocontrol, asimismo, existe una correlación entre la filogenia y el biocontrol de las especies de <italic>Bacillus</italic>, por ejemplo, <italic>B. subtilis</italic> fue la primera cepa caracterizada, y consecutivamente se identificaron otras cepas con capacidad de biocontrol: <italic>B. thuringiensis</italic>, <italic>B. licheniformis</italic>, <italic>B. tropicus</italic>, entre otras especies. Éstas también son filogenómicamente próximas a <italic>B. subtilis</italic>, por lo que se concluye que existe una correlación entre filogenia y biocontrol. Por ejemplo, <italic>Bacillus thuringiensis</italic>, una bacteria Gram-positiva, formadora de endoesporas y anaerobia facultativa, es ampliamente utilizada para el biocontrol de plagas de insectos, lo que contribuye a la bioseguridad agrícola cuando se utiliza como biopesticida, al igual que otras especies del género <italic>Bacillus</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">Lacey <italic>et al</italic>., 2015</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Córdova-Albores <italic>et al</italic>., 2020</xref>).</p>
			<p>Algunas de las especies potenciales más estudiadas son <italic>B. subtilis</italic>, <italic>B. pumilus</italic>, <italic>B. licheniformis</italic>, <italic>B. amyloliquefaciens</italic>, <italic>B. cabrialesii</italic>, <italic>B. japonicum</italic>, <italic>B. cereus</italic>, <italic>B. thuringiensis</italic>, <italic>B. anthracis</italic>, <italic>B. mycoides</italic> y <italic>B. pseudomycoides</italic>, ya que han demostrado tener actividad antagonista frente a diversos microorganismos fitopatógenos de interés agrícola (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B70">Villarreal-Delgado <italic>et al</italic>., 2018</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43">Morales-Barrón <italic>et al</italic>., 2019</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B66">Valenzuela-Ruiz <italic>et al</italic>., 2019</xref>). Por ejemplo, en el estudio realizado por <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B69">Villa-Rodríguez y colaboradores en 2019</xref>, la cepa TE3T muestra rasgos prometedores contra <italic>Bipolaris Sorokiniana</italic> TPQ3, el agente causal de la mancha del trigo. En términos de bioseguridad, las cepas potenciales deben ser estudiadas exhaustivamente antes de ser utilizadas como agentes de control biológico en el campo. Es importante señalar que el grupo <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic>, que incluye especies de importancia agrícola como <italic>B. subtilis</italic>, <italic>B. licheniformis</italic> y <italic>B. pumilus</italic>, no se considera tradicionalmente patógeno para los humanos. <italic>B. subtilis</italic> ha recibido incluso el estatus QPS (Presunción Cualificada de Seguridad) de la Autoridad Europea de Seguridad Alimentaria (EFSA, 2015). Sin embargo, existen algunos casos aislados de intoxicaciones que forman manifestaciones digestivas, por lo que es necesario un análisis estricto y exhaustivo (Villareal-Delgado <italic>et al</italic>., 2018).</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>Conclusiones</title>
			<p>La presente estrategia permitió correlacionar y predecir la capacidad de control biológico de las especies de <italic>Bacillus</italic> objeto de estudio en función de su afiliación taxonómica, ya que a menor distancia evolutiva de <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic> se observó una elevada capacidad potencial para producir compuestos de control biológico. Sin embargo, no se descarta la posibilidad de que adquieran la capacidad de producir nuevos compuestos de control biológico durante su separación evolutiva. El género <italic>Bacillus</italic> es genética y metabólicamente diverso, por lo que es de gran importancia realizar minería genómica para predecir la capacidad de control biológico de las especies secuenciadas y poder utilizarlas con fines biotecnológicos.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
		<ack>
			<title>Agradecimientos</title>
			<p>Los autores agradecen al Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (PROFAPI_2024_0001), y al Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnología por la beca otorgada con el número CVU 1229202 y CVU 1220883 para cursar la Maestría en ciencias en recursos naturales.</p>
		</ack>
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					<lpage>13678</lpage>
					<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1074/jbc.m116.722108</pub-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
		</ref-list>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="en">
		<front-stub>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Scientific Article</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Phylogenomic diversity and genome mining of type Bacillus species: Searching for genes associated with biological control of phytopathogens</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<abstract>
				<title>ABSTRACT</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Objective/Background. </title>
					<p><italic>Bacillus</italic> is a cosmopolitan bacterial genus with a great genome diversity. Thus, by exploring its genome background, it is possible to understand more about the physiological and biochemical traits involved in its biological control against phytopathogens. The objective of this work was to correlate the phylogenomic relationships of the type species of the genus <italic>Bacillus</italic> with the presence of gene clusters associated with biological control of plant pathogens, through genome mining.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Materials and Methods. </title>
					<p>Based on the literature, 336 species belonging to the genus <italic>Bacillus</italic> have been reported; however, after re-classification, a total of 123 type species have been recognized, and curated genomes were found in the EzBioCloud platform (http://www.ezbiocloud.net/). The overall genome relatedness indices (OGRIs) were used for this work, which indicate how similar two sequences of a genome are. Then, the Realphy platform was used to create the phylogenomic tree 1.13 (Action-based phylogeny constructor reference). Finally, the prediction of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) associated with the biological control of phytopathogens was carried out using antiSMASH v6.0 (https://antismash. secondarymetabolites.org/).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Results. </title>
					<p>The present strategy allowed us to correlate and predict the biological control capacity of the <italic>Bacillus</italic> species under study based on their taxonomic affiliation since at a shorter evolutionary distance from <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic> a high potential capacity to produce biological control compounds was observed. However, the possibility that they acquire the ability to produce new biocontrol compounds during their evolutionary separation is not ruled out.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusion. </title>
					<p>This work validates the correlation between the taxonomic affiliation of the studied <italic>Bacillus</italic> species and their biological control capacity, which is useful in the bioprospecting stage to design promising biopesticides.</p>
				</sec>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Keywords:</title>
				<kwd>Biocontrol</kwd>
				<kwd>Genome mining</kwd>
				<kwd>Bacillus</kwd>
				<kwd>AntiSMASH</kwd>
				<kwd>Taxonomy.</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introduction</title>
				<p>The genus <italic>Bacillus</italic> is a large and diverse group are aerobic, gram-positive bacilli (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B62">Tejera-Hernández <italic>et al</italic>., 2011</xref>; Zeigler and Perkins, 2021), belonging to the phylum Firmicutes, class Bacilli, order Bacillales, and family Bacillaceae (Villarreal- Delgado <italic>et al</italic>., 2018). This bacterial genus was first reported by Ferdinand Cohn in 1872 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Errington and Van, 2020</xref>), It comprises ubiquitous bacteria isolated from diverse environments, such as water (salt and fresh), food, and soil (being highly present in the rhizosphere of various crops). These <italic>Bacillus</italic> species are also endospore formers; these are structured by thick walls inside bacterial cells, which are composed of proteins and protect the bacterial genome (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">Basta and Annamaraju, 2024</xref>). They are resistant to extreme temperatures, low water content, ultraviolet (UV), and chemical and physical processing (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">Cho and Chung, 2020</xref>), and allow bacteria to survive when faced with unfavorable conditions (Zeigler and Perkins, 2021).</p>
				<p>Thus, the genus <italic>Bacillus</italic> is widely distributed in agroecosystems (colonizing soils, water, and plants), and is the most studied and best-described bacteria genus, based on various analyses and research focused on its genetic and metabolic diversity. Thus, due to its outstanding traits, <italic>Bacillus</italic> is a genus that harbors species that fulfill important biological functions and can produce a variety of enzymes (amylase, glucoamylase, etc.), antibiotics, and metabolites (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">Celandroni <italic>et al</italic>., 2019</xref>). <italic>Bacillus</italic> has been reported to have a great impact in different areas of life, mainly in agriculture, where it has been widely used due to its metabolic traits associated with the improvement of nutrient availability by plants, induction of plant defense, production of ACC deaminase and synthesis of phytohormones, improvement of plant growth and nutrient assimilation under stress conditions and control of phytopathogenic diseases (Valenzuela-Ruíz <italic>et al</italic>., 2019; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">Ibarra-Villarreal <italic>et al</italic>., 2021</xref>).</p>
				<p>One of the main functional traits of the genus <italic>Bacillus</italic> in agriculture is the biological control of phytopathogens. Biological control agents (BCA) are beneficial organisms with a genetic capacity for metabolite production, reducing the negative impacts of plant pathogens on crops (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B70">Villarreal-Delgado <italic>et al</italic>., 2018</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">de los Santos Villalobos <italic>et al</italic>., 2019</xref>). Some of the main ways in which these species prevent the establishment and development of plant pathogenic organisms are through a wide versatility of biological control mechanisms, including the production of antibiotics, siderophores, lytic enzymes, toxins, and induction of plant systemic resistance (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">Layton <italic>et al</italic>., 2011</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B62">Tejera-Hernández <italic>et al</italic>., 2011</xref>).</p>
				<p>Also, <italic>Bacillus</italic> can produce secondary metabolites with biocontrol activity, such as lipopeptides, producing at least 98 different types, the most common are surfactins, iturins, and fengycin (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">Lam <italic>et al</italic>., 2021</xref>). These molecules have an amphiphilic or amphipathic nature (a hydrophilic end, soluble in water, and hydrophobic). These molecules interfere in the cytoplasmic membrane of bacterial or fungal cells, acting as antimicrobials and inducing systemic resistance in host plants, stimulating defense mechanisms (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B70">Villarreal-Delgado <italic>et al</italic>., 2018</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B50">Penha <italic>et al</italic>., 2020</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B64">Valenzuela-Ruiz <italic>et al</italic>., 2020</xref>).</p>
				<p>Lipopeptides are integrated into three different families, which are identified as i) fengycins, one of the main types of cyclic lipopeptides produced by <italic>Bacillus</italic> that exhibited a high antibacterial and antifungal activity (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">Medeot <italic>et al</italic>., 2020</xref>); ii) surfactins, represented with seven amino acid peptides, and includes variants such as pumilacidin, lichenisiin, and halobactin; these lipopeptides are very efficient biosurfactants against the biological membrane structure of pathogens (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Fira <italic>et al</italic>., 2018</xref>); and iii) iturins, a potent antifungal lipopeptide composed of a β-amino fatty acid chain with 14-17 carbons, and a cyclic heptapeptide (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">Dang <italic>et al</italic>., 2019</xref>). Through the release of these cyclic lipopeptide families, the germination of various pathogens is controlled mainly by disrupting their cell membranes, affecting cell development (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B63">Tunsagool <italic>et al</italic>., 2021</xref>). Thus, due to the wide secondary metabolites produced by <italic>Bacillus</italic>, this work aimed to predict the presence of these biological capacities based on the taxonomic affiliation of its type species.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="materials|methods">
				<title>Materials and Methods</title>
				<p><bold>Genomic sequences of type species of the genus <italic>Bacillus.</italic> 
</bold> Based on the literature, 336 species belonging to the genus <italic>Bacillus</italic> have been reported (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42">Mendoza and Pazmiña, 2021</xref>); however, after re-classification, a total of 123 type species have been reported and curated genomes were found in the EzBioCloud platform (http:// <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ezbiocloud.net/)">www.ezbiocloud.net/). </ext-link>The type strains of <italic>Bacillus</italic> species studied are indicated in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 1</xref>.</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t3">
						<label>Table 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Type strain species belonging to the genus Bacillus downloaded from the EzBioCloud platform, which were used in this study.</title>
						</caption>
						<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0">
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th># </th>
									<th>Species </th>
									<th>Strain </th>
									<th># </th>
									<th>Species </th>
									<th>Strain </th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">1 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. abyssalis</td>
									<td>DSM 25875(type) </td>
									<td>47 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. glycinifermentans</td>
									<td>GO-13(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">2 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. aquimaris</td>
									<td>TF12(Type) </td>
									<td>48 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. gobiensis</td>
									<td>FJAT-4402(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">3 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. aryabhattai</td>
									<td>B8W22(Type) </td>
									<td>49 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. halotolerans</td>
									<td>FJAT-2398(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">4 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. camelliae</td>
									<td>7578-1(Type) </td>
									<td>50 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. haynesii</td>
									<td>NRRL B-41327(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">5 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. circulans</td>
									<td>NBRC 13626(Type) </td>
									<td>51 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. humi</td>
									<td>DSM 16318(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">6 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. endophyticus</td>
									<td>DSM 13796(Type) </td>
									<td>52 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. inaquosorum</td>
									<td>KCTC 13429(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">7 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. filamentosus</td>
									<td>SGD-14(Type) </td>
									<td>53 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. koreensis</td>
									<td>DSM 16467(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">8 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. halmapalus</td>
									<td>DSM 8723(Type) </td>
									<td>54 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. korlensis</td>
									<td>NBRC 107688(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">9 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. horikoshii</td>
									<td>DSM 8719(Type) </td>
									<td>55 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. kwashiorkori</td>
									<td>SIT6(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">10 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. idriensis</td>
									<td>DSM 19097(Type) </td>
									<td>56 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. kyonggiensis</td>
									<td>NB22(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">11 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. marisflavi</td>
									<td>JCM 11544(Type) </td>
									<td>57 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. lacus</td>
									<td>KCTC 33946(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">12 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. megaterium</td>
									<td>ATCC 14581(Type) </td>
									<td>58 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. lentus</td>
									<td>NCTC 4824(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">13 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. nealsonii</td>
									<td>FO-92(Type) </td>
									<td>59 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. licheniformis</td>
									<td>ATCC 14580(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">14 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. solitudinis</td>
									<td>Type (FJAT-45122) </td>
									<td>60 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. luciferensis</td>
									<td>DSM 18845(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">15 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. sporothermodurans</td>
									<td>Type (DSM 10599) </td>
									<td>61 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. luti</td>
									<td>TD41(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">16 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. acidiceler</td>
									<td>DSM 18954(Type) </td>
									<td>62 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. mangrovi</td>
									<td>KCTC 33872(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">17 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. acidicola</td>
									<td>FJAT-2406(Type) </td>
									<td>63 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. manliponensis</td>
									<td>JCM 15802(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">18 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. acidinfaciens</td>
									<td>3-2-2(Type) </td>
									<td>64 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. marasmi</td>
									<td>Marseille-P3556(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">19 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. acidiproducens</td>
									<td>DSM 23148(Type) </td>
									<td>65 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. marinisedimentorum</td>
									<td>NC2-31(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">20 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. aciditolerans</td>
									<td>YN-1(Type) </td>
									<td>66 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. massiliogabonensis</td>
									<td>Marseille-P2639(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">21 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. albus</td>
									<td>N35-10-2(Type) </td>
									<td>67 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. massiliosenegalensis</td>
									<td>JC6(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">22 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. alkalitelluris</td>
									<td>DSM 16976(Type) </td>
									<td>68 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. methanolicus</td>
									<td>NCIMB 13113(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">23 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. altitudinis</td>
									<td>41KF2b(Type) </td>
									<td>69 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. mobilis</td>
									<td>0711P9-1(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">24 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. amyloliquefaciens</td>
									<td>DSM 7(Type) </td>
									<td>70 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. mojavensis</td>
									<td>KCTC 3706(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">25 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. andreraoultii</td>
									<td>SIT1(Type) </td>
									<td>71 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. mycoides</td>
									<td>ATCC 6462(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">26 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. anthracis</td>
									<td>Vollum(Type) </td>
									<td>72 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. nakamurai</td>
									<td>NRRL B-41091(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">27 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. atrophaeus</td>
									<td>NRRL NRS 213(Type) </td>
									<td>73 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. natronophilus</td>
									<td>M30(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">28 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. aurantiacus</td>
									<td>DSM 18675(Type) </td>
									<td>74 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. niameyensis</td>
									<td>SIT3(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">29 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. australimaris</td>
									<td>NH7I_1(Type) </td>
									<td>75 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. nitratireducens</td>
									<td>4049(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">30 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. badius</td>
									<td>MTCC 1458(Type) </td>
									<td>76 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. oleivorans</td>
									<td>JC228(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">31 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. bingmayongensis</td>
									<td>FJAT-13831(Type) </td>
									<td>77 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. oleronius</td>
									<td>DSM 9356(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">32 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. cabrialesii</td>
									<td>TE3(Type) </td>
									<td>78 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. onubensis</td>
									<td>0911MAR22V3(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">33 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. cereus</td>
									<td>ATCC 14579(Type) </td>
									<td>79 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. oryziterrae</td>
									<td>ZYK(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">34 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. coagulans</td>
									<td>ATCC 7050(Type) </td>
									<td>80 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. pacificus</td>
									<td>EB422(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">35 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. coahuilensis</td>
									<td>m4-4(Type) </td>
									<td>81 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. panaciterrae</td>
									<td>DSM 19096(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">36 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. cohnii</td>
									<td>DSM 6307(Type) </td>
									<td>82 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. paralichenformis</td>
									<td>KJ-16(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">37 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. cytotoxicus</td>
									<td>NVH 391-98(Type) </td>
									<td>83 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. paramycoides</td>
									<td>NH24A2(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">38 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. dakarensis</td>
									<td>Marseille-P3515(Type) </td>
									<td>84 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. paranthracis</td>
									<td>Mn5(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">39 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. dielmoensis</td>
									<td>FF4(Type) </td>
									<td>85 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. pasinlerensis</td>
									<td>P1(2020)(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">40 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. enclensis</td>
									<td>SGD-1123(Type) </td>
									<td>86 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. piezotolerans</td>
									<td>Type (YLB-04) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">41 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. flexus</td>
									<td>NBRC 15715(Type) </td>
									<td>87 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. populi</td>
									<td>Type (FJAT-45347) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">42 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. fordii</td>
									<td>DSM 16014(Type) </td>
									<td>88 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. proteolyticus</td>
									<td>Type (TD42) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">43 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. fortis</td>
									<td>DSM 16012(Type) </td>
									<td>89 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. pseudomycoides</td>
									<td>Type (DSM 12442) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">44 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. fungorum</td>
									<td>17-SMS-01(Type) </td>
									<td>90 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. pumilus</td>
									<td>Type (NCTC 10337) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">45 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. gaemokensis</td>
									<td>KCTC 13318(Type) </td>
									<td>91 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. rubiinfantis</td>
									<td>Type (MT2) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">46 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. glennii</td>
									<td>V44-8(Type) </td>
									<td>92 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. safensis</td>
									<td>Type (FO-36b) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">93 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. salacetis</td>
									<td>Type (SKP7-4) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">109 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. thermotolerans</td>
									<td>SGZ-8(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">94 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. salsus</td>
									<td>Type (IBRC-M10078) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">110 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. thuringiensis</td>
									<td>ATCC 10792(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">95 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. shackletonii</td>
									<td>Type (LMG 18435) </td>
									<td> </td>
									<td>(gv. thuringiensis) </td>
									<td> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">96 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. siamensis</td>
									<td>Type (KCTC 13613) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">111 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. timonensis</td>
									<td>10403023(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">97 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. sinesaloumensis</td>
									<td>Type (Marseille-P3516) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">112 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. toyonensis</td>
									<td>BCT-7112(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">98 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. siralis</td>
									<td>Type (171544) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">113 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. tropicus</td>
									<td>N24(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">99 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. smithii</td>
									<td>Type (DSM 4216) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">114 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. vallismortis</td>
									<td>DSM 11031(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">100 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. solimangrovi</td>
									<td>Type (GH2-4) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">115 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. velezensis</td>
									<td>NRRL B-41580(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">101 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. solisilvae</td>
									<td>Type (NEAU-cbsb5) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">116 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. vietnamensis</td>
									<td>NBRC 101237(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">102 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. sonorensis</td>
									<td>Type (NBRC 101234) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">117 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. weihaiensis</td>
									<td>Alg07(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">103 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. spizizenii</td>
									<td>Type (TU-B-10) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">118 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. wiedmannii</td>
									<td>FSL W8-0169(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">104 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. subtilis</td>
									<td>NCIB 3610(Type) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">119 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. wudalianchiensis</td>
									<td>FJAT-27215(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">105 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. swezeyi</td>
									<td>NRRL B-41294(Type) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">120 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. xiamenensis</td>
									<td>HYC-10(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">106 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. taxi</td>
									<td>M5HDSG1-1(Type) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">121 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. xiapuensis</td>
									<td>FJAT-46582(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">107 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. tequilensis</td>
									<td>KCTC 13622(Type) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">122 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. yapensis</td>
									<td>XXST-01(Type) </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">108 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. terrae</td>
									<td>LMG 29 oki 736(Type) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">123 </td>
									<td style="font-style:italic">B. zhangzhouensis</td>
									<td>DW5-4(Type) </td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>Phylogenomic analysis, and overall genome relatedness index (OGRIs). The overall genome relatedness indices (OGRIs) indicate how similar two sequences of a genome are, and thus identify whether we are dealing with a previously reported species, which was first determined by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">Chun and collaborators in 2018</xref>. This work was based on obtaining the type genomes of each related studied type strain using a similarity value ≥ 98.7% in the 16S rRNA gene to the strain of interest (Chun <italic>et al</italic>., 2018; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44">Morales <italic>et al.</italic>, 2021</xref>). These indices include the obtention of the average nucleotide identity (ANI), which was obtained by using the ANI Calculator in the Ezbiocloud platform. ANI and OrthoANI are comparable algorithms because they share the same species demarcation limit of 95 - 96% (EzBioCloud, 2017). Also, an ANI analysis was performed to obtain a reliable measure of the evolutionary distance of the species. The software used to calculate these ANI values was JspeciesWS, which allows us to analyze and compare species boundaries between genomes, draft genomes, or partial sequences of random genomes, and allows the measurement of the probability that two or more genomes belong to the same species by comparing ANI values (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B51">Richter and Rosselló-Móra, 2009</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">Arahal, 2014</xref>).</p>
				<p>Besides, the studied strains were subjected to a comprehensive analysis using version 2.1 of the web server genome-to-genome distance calculator (https://ggdc. dsmz.de/), reported for the first time by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">Meier-Kolthoff and collaborators in 2013</xref>. This software applies an <italic>in silico</italic> method for the delimitation of subspecies or species (scilicet, a query, and a reference) that limits the DNA-DNA hybridization values (DDH) for a universal and specific restriction of prokaryotic species or subspecies, as well as calculates the intergenomic distance based on three different formulas (Meier‐Kolthoff <italic>et al.,</italic> 2013; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B75">Zhang <italic>et al</italic>., 2018</xref>). Here, two genomes were placed, one of reference and the other of interest, as a result, the relationship between the genomes was analyzed by using the formula 2, which is the sum of all the identities found in the HSPs and multiplies it by 2, divided by the sum of the total length of the HSPs of both genomes (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44">Morales <italic>et al</italic>., 2021</xref>). In this work, formula 2 was used because it is independent of genome length and is the only one that can be used with incompletely sequenced genomes, thus avoiding errors (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Auch <italic>et al</italic>., 2010</xref>).</p>
				<p>The Realphy platform was used to create the phylogenomic tree 1.13 (Action- based phylogeny constructor reference). This software allows the creation of phylogenomic trees from genomic sequence data, to carry out this process it was necessary to introduce several reference genomes in FASTA or Genbank format (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">Bertels <italic>et al</italic>., 2014</xref>). The phylogenomic tree was first performed in the <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">CLC Sequence Viewer v8.0</xref> software (https://clc-sequence-viewer.software.informer. com/8.0/), which provides access to the genomic analysis in the FASTQ format, which provides access to basic bioinformatics analysis (QIAGEN, 2017).</p>
				<p>Genome mining. The prediction of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) associated with the biological control of phytopathogens was carried out using antiSMASH v6.0 (https://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org/) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Blin <italic>et al</italic>., 2021</xref>). This strategy allows the identification, detection, and characterization of rapid annotations and analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for biosynthesis, regulation, resistance, and the transport of metabolites. Files in FASTA format containing the genome of the studied type <italic>Bacillus</italic> species were used (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B52">Roger and Castillo, 2017</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">Menezes <italic>et al</italic>., 2021</xref>).</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="results|discussion">
				<title>Results and Discussion</title>
				<p>Genome-based phylogeny. These analyses helped to visualize the correlation of genes between different <italic>Bacillus</italic> species that can biocontrol plant pathogens, as mentioned by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B60">Syazwan and collaborators (2021</xref>). The phylogenomic tree was divided into two distinct groups (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1</xref>). The first group belongs to <italic>Bacillus megaterium</italic>, which had a genus reclassification to <italic>Priestia megaterium</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Gupta <italic>et al</italic>., 2020</xref>). It is reported in the literature that <italic>P. megaterium</italic> does not have biocontrol capacity, and for this reason, it was placed as the root in the phylogenomic tree. It can be seen in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1</xref> that there is a distance between <italic>P. megaterium</italic> and <italic>B. subtilis</italic>. Unlike <italic>P. megaterium</italic>, <italic>B. subtilis</italic> is reported as a biological control agent, placing <italic>P. megaterium</italic> as a root allowed us to visualize which species are related to</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f2">
						<label>Figure 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Phylogenomic tree with the 123 studied type <italic>Bacillus</italic> species, where two main groups were identified: i) <italic>B. megaterium</italic> (pink color) and ii) <italic>B. subtilis</italic> (blue color).</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2007-8080-rmfi-42-02-RMEXFIT2402-9-gf2.gif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>it, which according to the literature are not reported with biocontrol, being that the rest of the species usually have the capacity for biological control.</p>
				<p>Some of the species related to <italic>P. megaterium</italic> were <italic>B. abyssalis</italic>, <italic>B. camelliae</italic>, <italic>B. solitudinis</italic>, <italic>B. nealsonii</italic>, and <italic>B. halmapalus</italic>, among others, which are not reported with biocontrol (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B53">Saeki <italic>et al</italic>., 2002</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B68">Venkateswaran <italic>et al</italic>., 2003</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Biedendieck <italic>et al</italic>., 2021</xref>). <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic> corresponds to the second group identified in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1</xref>, the species within this group correspond to <italic>B. dakarensis</italic>, <italic>B. siralis</italic>, <italic>B. yapensis</italic>, <italic>B. vietnamensis</italic>, <italic>B. salsus</italic>, and <italic>B. alkalitelluris</italic>, and the species most closely related to the species of <italic>B. subtilis</italic> are <italic>B. thuringiensis, B. velezensis</italic>, <italic>B. cabrialesii</italic>, <italic>B. tequilensis</italic>, <italic>B. spizizenii</italic>, <italic>B. mojavensis</italic>, <italic>B. inaquosorum</italic>, <italic>B. halotolerans</italic>, and <italic>B. atrophaeus</italic>, as it has higher biocontrol capacity according to the literature (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Gupta <italic>et al.,</italic> 2020</xref>).</p>
				<p>The obtained results show phylogenetically related <italic>Bacillus</italic> species in group 1 that share morphological traits. This characteristic is relevant because it allows us to compare genes between different species and thus identify those that meet the biocontrol capacity. <italic>Bacillus</italic> species are known to have potential biocontrol capacity (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B60">Syazwan <italic>et al</italic>., 2021</xref>); some examples are <italic>B. thuringiensis, B. amyloliquefaciens</italic>,</p>
				<p><italic>B. nakamurai</italic>, <italic>B. siamensis,</italic> and <italic>B. velezensis</italic>. These strains have in common the production of lytic enzymes and also produce lipopeptides such as surfactin, which means that they can induce a systemic response in the plant, which helps in the colonization of the rhizosphere (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B55">Sánchez, 2016</xref>). As mentioned above, AntiSMASH results showed that <italic>P. megaterium</italic> does not possess biocontrol activity.</p>
				<p>Another <italic>Bacillus</italic> species located in group 1 was the bacterium <italic>Bacillus swezeyi</italic> isolated by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Dunlap and collaborators (2017</xref>). This <italic>Bacillus</italic> species is closely related to <italic>B. licheniformis,</italic> which also has a wide variety of metabolites with applications in pharmaceutical, food, biomedicine, aquaculture, and agriculture, among others. In addition, <italic>Bacillus licheniformis</italic> can show a high production of antioxidant catalase, which eliminates the presence of hydrogen peroxide, and cancels the absence of microorganisms and therefore can kill beneficial microorganisms. Other examples in this clade are 10 <italic>Bacillus</italic> species isolated from Xinjiang, China, such as <italic>Bacillus tamaricis</italic> sp. nov., <italic>Bacillus populi</italic> sp. nov., <italic>Bacillus capparidis</italic> sp. nov., <italic>Bacillus urumqiensis</italic> sp. nov., <italic>Bacillus gobiensis</italic> sp. nov., <italic>Bacillus solani</italic> sp. nov., <italic>Bacillus salitolerans</italic> sp. nov., <italic>Bacillus shacheensis</italic> sp. nov., <italic>Bacillus deserti</italic> sp. nov. and <italic>Bacillus korlensis</italic> sp. nov. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">Liu <italic>et al</italic>., 2019</xref>).</p>
				<p>Biological control agents are focused on reducing or eliminating the effect of phytopathogenic agents (Serrano and <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B56">Galindo, 2007</xref>). However, polyphasic characterization is important in terms of the application of safe microorganisms for mankind. To determine the capacity to produce biocontrol compounds by the studied type strains of the genus <italic>Bacillus</italic>, genomic analyses for the identification of non-ribosomal peptide biosynthetic gene clusters (NRPs) were performed through AntiSMASH v 6.0 (Antibiotic and Secondary Metabolites Analysis Shell) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">Medema <italic>et al</italic>., 2011</xref>).</p>
				<p>The genome analysis of the studied strains provided a total of 85 biological control compounds (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 2</xref>). The most prevalent was the siderophore Bacillibactin, which</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t4">
						<label>Table 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title><italic>Bacillus</italic> species with metabolites associated with the biocontrol of phytopathogens, according to AntiSMASH, as well as the mechanisms corresponding to them based on the literature.</title>
						</caption>
						<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0">
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th>Group </th>
									<th>Species </th>
									<th>Identified clusters (%) </th>
									<th>Modes of action </th>
									<th>Reported by </th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">1 </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. aquimaris </td>
									<td>Paeninodin (100%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
									<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. endophyticus </td>
									<td>Paeninodin (80%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
									<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. filamentosus </td>
									<td>Paeninodin (80%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
									<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. albus</td>
									<td>Petrobactin (100%) Thurincin H (70%) </td>
									<td>Siderophore Antimicrobial </td>
									<td>Ortiz et al., 2022; Manck et al., 2022 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center">2 </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. alkalitelluris </td>
									<td>Paeninodin (80%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
									<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. altitudinis </td>
									<td>Bacilicin (85%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Antibiotic </td>
									<td>Basso et al., 2018 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td> B. amyloliquefaciens</td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Fengycin (93%) Surfactin (82%) Bacilicin (100%) Bacillaene (100%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Siderophore Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal </td>
									<td>Luciana, 2014; Ley-López, 2022; Basso et al., 2018; Butcher et al., 2007; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. anthracis </td>
									<td>Petrobactin (100%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Siderophore </td>
									<td>Manck et al., 2022 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td> B. atrophaeus</td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Fengycin (86%) Surfactin (98%) Subtiliosin A (87%) Bacillaene (100%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Siderophore Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal </td>
									<td>Luciana, 2014; Ley-López, 2022; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022; Butcher et al., 2007. </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. australimaris </td>
									<td>Bacillisin (85%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Antibiotic </td>
									<td>Basso et al., 2018 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. badius </td>
									<td>Plantazolicin (75%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Bacteriocin </td>
									<td>Farzand et al., 2019 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td> B. cabrialesii</td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Fengycin (100%) Surfactin (90%) Subtiliosin A (100%) Bacillisin (100%) Bacillaene (100%) Rhizocticin (93%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Siderophore Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal and Nematicide </td>
									<td>Luciana, 2014; Ley-López, 2022; Basso et al., 2018; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022; Borisova et al., 2010; Butcher et al., 2007. </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. cereus</td>
									<td>Petrobactin (100%) Thiocillin I (100%) </td>
									<td>Siderophore Antimicrobial </td>
									<td>Manck et al., 2022; Wieland et al., 2009 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. dakarensis</td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Ectoin (75%) Paeninodine (100%) </td>
									<td>Organic compound Lasso peptide </td>
									<td>Sadeghi et al., 2019; Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. flexus </td>
									<td>Plantazolicin (100%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Bacteriocin </td>
									<td>Farzand et al., 2019 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. fungorum </td>
									<td>Paeninodine (100%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
									<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. gaemokensis </td>
									<td>Paenilarvins (75%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Antifungal </td>
									<td>Sood et al., 2014 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. glycinifermentans</td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Fengycin (82%) Lichenisin (100%) </td>
									<td>Antifungal Lasso peptide </td>
									<td>Ley-López, 2022; Bedoya- Cardona, 2019 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. gobiensis </td>
									<td>Teicuronic acid (87%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Anionic polymers </td>
									<td>Santos et al., 2019 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td> B. halotolerans</td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Fengycin (93%) Surfactin (86%) Subtilosin A (100%) Bacillisin (100%) Bacillaeno (100%) </td>
									<td> Siderophore Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal </td>
									<td>Luciana, 2014; Ley-López, 2022; Basso et al., 2018; Butcher et al., 2007; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. haynesii</td>
									<td>Fengycin (100%) Bacitracin (100%) Lichenisin (100%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Antifungal Antibiotic Lasso peptide </td>
									<td>Ley-López, 2022; Fira et al., 2018; Bedoya-Cardona, 2019 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td> B. inaquosorum</td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Fengycin (100%) Surfactin (82%) Subtilosin A (100%) Bacillisin (100%) Bacillaeno (100%) </td>
									<td> Siderophore Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal </td>
									<td>Luciana, 2014; Ley-López, 2022; Basso et al., 2018; Butcher et al., 2007; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td style="text-align:center"> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. lentus </td>
									<td>Paeninodina (100%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
									<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. licheniformis</td>
									<td>Lichenisin (100%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
									<td>Bedoya-Cardona, 2019 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td> B. luti</td>
									<td>Paeninodine (100%) Petrobactin (100%) </td>
									<td>Lasso peptide Siderophore </td>
									<td>Manck et al., 2022; Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. manliponensis </td>
									<td>Paeninodine (80%) Petrobactin (100%) </td>
									<td>Lasso peptide Siderophore </td>
									<td>Manck et al., 2022; Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. mobilis</td>
									<td>Paeninodine (100%) Petrobactin (100%) </td>
									<td>Lasso peptide Siderophore </td>
									<td>Manck et al., 2022; Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td> B. mojavensis</td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibact (100%) Fengycin (86%) Surfactin (86%) Subtilosina A (100%) Bacilisin (100%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Siderophore Antifungal Antifungal Antibiotic Antifungal </td>
									<td>Luciana, 2014; Ley-López, 2022; Basso et al., 2018; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. mycoides </td>
									<td>Paeninodine (100%) Petrobactin (100%) </td>
									<td>Lasso peptide Siderophore </td>
									<td>Manck et al., 2022; Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td> B. nakamurai</td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactina (100%) Bacillisin (100%) Bacillaene (100%) Surfactin (81%) Fengycin (80%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Catechol-type Siderophore Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal </td>
									<td> Luciana, 2014; Ley-López, 2022; Basso et al., 2018; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Butcher et al., 2007. </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. niameyensis </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Paeninodine (80%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
									<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td> B. paralicheniformis</td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Bacitracina (100%) Lichenisin(100%) Fengycin (92%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Antibiotic Lipopeptide Antifungal </td>
									<td>Ley-López, 2022; Fira et al., 2018; Bedoya-Cardona, 2019 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. nitratireducens </td>
									<td>Paeninodine (100%) Petrobactin (100%) </td>
									<td>Lasso peptide Siderophore </td>
									<td>Manck et al., 2022; Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. pasinlerensis </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Geobacillin (80%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Bacteriocin </td>
									<td>Vaičikauskaitė et al., 2019 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. populi </td>
									<td>Paeninodine (100%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
									<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. proteolyticus </td>
									<td>Petrobactin (100%) Paeninodine (80%) </td>
									<td>Lasso peptide Siderophore </td>
									<td>Manck et al., 2022; Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. pseudomycoides </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Pseudomycoicidin (100%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Lantibiotic </td>
									<td>Basi-Chipalu et al., 2015 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td> B. pumilus</td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Plantazolicina (91%) Bacillisin (85%) Lichenisin (85%) </td>
									<td>Bacteriocin Antifungal Lipopeptide </td>
									<td>Basso et al., 2018; Bedoya- Cardona, 2019; Farzand et al., 2019 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td> B. safensis</td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Plantazolicina (91%) Bacillisin (85%) Lichenisin (85%) </td>
									<td>Bacteriocin Antifungal Lipopeptide </td>
									<td>Basso et al., 2018; Bedoya- Cardona, 2019; Farzand et al., 2019 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. salsus </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Paeninodine (80%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
									<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td> B. siamensis</td>
									<td>Fengycin (100%) Bacillaene (100%) Surfactin (90%) </td>
									<td>Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal </td>
									<td>Luciana, 2014; Ley-López, 2022; Butcher et al., 2007. </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. solitudinis </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Carotenoid (83%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Antioxidant </td>
									<td>Sontsa-Donhoung et al., 2022 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td> B. spizizenii</td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Subtilosin A (100%) Bacillisin (100%) Bacillaene (100%) Mycosubtiline (100%) Surfactin (82%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Catechol-type Siderophore Antibiotic Antifungal Antifungal Antifungal </td>
									<td> Luciana, 2014; Basso et al., 2018; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022; Butcher et al., 2007. </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td> B. subtilis</td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Fengycin (100%) Subtilosin A (100%) Bacillisin (100%) Bacillaene (100%) Bacillicatin (100%) Esporulation (100%) Surfactin (82%) Thiocillin I (70%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Catechol-type Siderophore Antifungal Antibiotic Antifungal Antifungal Siderophore Sporulation Antifungal Antimicrobial </td>
									<td> Luciana, 2014; Ley-López, 2022; Basso et al., 2018; Moldenhauer et al., 2010; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022; Wieland et al., 2009; Butcher et al., 2007. </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td> B. swezeyi</td>
									<td>Bacillaene (100%) Bacitracin (88%) Mersacidin (100%) </td>
									<td>Antifungal Antibiotic Antibiótic </td>
									<td>Moldenhauer et al., 2010; Fira et al., 2018; Diabankana et al., 2022; Butcher et al., 2007. </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td> B. tequilensis</td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Fengycin (86%) Surfactin (90%) Subtilosina A (100%) Bacillisin (100%) Rhizocticin A (70%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Catechol-type Siderophore Antifungal Antifungal Antibiotic Antibiotic </td>
									<td> Basso et al., 2018; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022; Borisova et al., 2010; Kugler et al., 1990 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. thermotolerans </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Ectoin (75%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Organic compound </td>
									<td>Sadeghi et al., 2019 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. thuringiensis (gv. thuringiensis)</td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Petrobactin (100%) Turicin (100%) Zwittermicin A (96%) </td>
									<td>Siderophore Bacteriocins Antibiotic </td>
									<td>Manck et al., 2022; Stabb et al., 1994 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. timonensis </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Paeninodine (80%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
									<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. toyonensis </td>
									<td>Petrobactin (100%) Paeninodine (80%) </td>
									<td>Siderophore Lasso peptide </td>
									<td>Manck et al., 2022 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. tropicus </td>
									<td>Petrobactin (100%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Siderophore </td>
									<td>Manck et al., 2022 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td> B. vallismortis</td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Fengycin (100%) Bacillisin (100%) Subtilin (100%) Surfactin (82%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Catechol-type Siderophore Antifungal Antibiotic Antibiotic Antifungal </td>
									<td> Basso et al., 2018; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td> B. velezensis</td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Bacillibactin (100%) Fengycin (100%) Bacillisin (100%) Mersacidin (100%) Diffcidin (100%) Macrolactin H (100%) Surfactin (94%) Bacillaene (85%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Catechol-type Siderophore Antifungal Antibiotic Antibiotic Antimicrobial Antimicrobial Antifungal </td>
									<td> Ley-López, 2022; Basso et al., 2018; Moldenhauer et al., 2010; Pedraza-Herrera et al., 2020; Diabankana et al., 2022; Nagao et al., 2001; Butcher et al., 2007. </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. weihaiensis </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Carotenoid (83%) Cerecidin A1-A7 (76%) </td>
									<td>Antioxidant Antimicrobial </td>
									<td>Sontsa-Donhoung et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2014 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. wiedmannii </td>
									<td>Paeninodine (100%) Petrobactin (100%) </td>
									<td>Lasso peptide Siderophore </td>
									<td>Manck et al., 2022 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. xiapuensis </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Mersacidin (100%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Antibiotic </td>
									<td>Diabankana et al., 2022 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> B. yapensis </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Paeninodine (80%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Lasso peptide </td>
									<td>Zhu et al., 2016 </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td> </td>
									<td style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic">B. zhangzhouensis</td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Bacillisin (85%) </td>
									<td style="text-align:center">Antifungal </td>
									<td>Basso et al., 2018 </td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>is a catechol siderophore [an organic compound with the formula C6H4(OH)2]. It participates in the chelation of ferric iron (Fe3+) from the surrounding environment and is subsequently transferred to the bacterial cytoplasm through the use of transporters (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B65">Valenzuela-Ruiz <italic>et al.</italic>, 2022</xref>). In this analysis, 12 <italic>Bacillus</italic> species showed this capacity, with 100% similarity in the DNA sequence of this cluster, <italic>B. velezensis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. siamensis, B. nakamurai, B. atrophaeus,</italic></p>
				<p><italic>B. mojavensis, B. halotolerans, B. vallismortis, B. tequilensis, B. cabrialesii, B.</italic></p>
				<p><italic>spizizenii,</italic> and <italic>B. inaquosorum.</italic></p>
				<p>As is already known, <italic>Bacillus</italic> is a genus rich in metabolic diversity that is mainly associated with its prevalence in different ecosystems. This is one of the most studied characteristics of this bacterial genus, mainly due to its ability to reduce the incidence of diseases in crops mostly for the direct or indirect repression of the growth of the agents that cause the disease. Lipopeptides, such as surfactins, iturins, and fengycins, protect the plant in pre- and post-harvest conditions (Valenzuela- Ruiz <italic>et al</italic>., 2020). Based on the results of AntiSMASH, the bacteria that presented the highest percentages in terms of the production of these lipopeptides, such as:</p>
				<p>
					<list list-type="alpha-lower">
						<list-item>
							<p>Fengycin. It is an antifungal that inhibits filamentous fungi but is ineffective against yeasts and bacteria (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">Ariza and Sánchez, 2012</xref>). Among these antimicrobial compounds are cyclic lipopeptides, which include various members of the surfactin, iturin, and fengycin chemical families. However, not all species belonging to the genus <italic>Bacillus</italic> produce these antimicrobial lipopeptides as a defense mechanism (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">Ley-López <italic>et al</italic>., 2022</xref>).</p>
						</list-item>
						<list-item>
							<p>Surfactin. Biosurfactants are substances of microbial origin that have surface activity. A particularly effective group of biosurfactants are lipopeptides, where surfactin stands out, they are produced by bacteria of the <italic>Bacillus</italic> genus through the transformation of renewable substrates (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">Luciana, 2014</xref>). Surfactin exhibits antimicrobial, antitumor, and antiviral functions, and inhibits the formation of biofilms of other bacteria by interfering with the attachment of cells to surfaces (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">Chen <italic>et al</italic>., 2022</xref>).</p>
						</list-item>
						<list-item>
							<p>Iturin. Iturin family are cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) that are generated from <italic>Bacillus</italic> subtilis and closely related bacterial strains, they are known for their inhibitory properties against phytopathogens (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B73">Yaraguppi <italic>et al</italic>., 2023</xref>).</p>
						</list-item>
					</list>
				</p>
				<p>The microbial activity of these lipopeptides is produced mainly by the interaction that exists with the cytoplasmic membrane of bacterial or fungal cells, which generates the formation of pores and an osmotic imbalance, triggering the cell death of phytopathogenic microorganisms (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B70">Villarreal-Delgado <italic>et al</italic>., 2018</xref>).</p>
				<p>Comparing the results of data mining with the phylogenetic results, it can be inferred that the ability to produce numerous biological control compounds is inhibited by evolutionary separation. The greater the evolutionary separation of the species, the lower the production of biological control compounds is observed, and vice versa. However, the possibility that during the evolutionary separation, the species develop the ability to produce these compounds of interest again is not ruled out.</p>
				<p>The analysis of genomic data for the detection of the presence of biosynthetic pathways that allow organisms to produce lipopeptides (fengycin, surfactin, and iturin), is an essential study that complements identification approaches with biotechnological purposes, to help us understand the functioning of the genus <italic>Bacillus</italic>. <italic>Bacilli</italic> have a strategy to survive extreme environmental conditions (temperature, radiation, pressure, pH, and humidity). In addition, their adaptation is possible due to the generation of endospores that maintain survival under unfavorable conditions (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">Borriss, 2020</xref>). The use of AntiSMASH v 6.0 served as a tool for the phylogenomic study and comparison of the DNA obtained from the EzBioCloud platform, helping us to understand the variations of the 123 strains studied with the help of the GGDC analysis version 2.1 where it was proven that the strains can be divergent or evolutionarily distant, thanks to data mining and the comparison of phylogenomic results, in addition to ANI v 3.8.2 comparisons.</p>
				<p>Phylogeny and biocontrol correlation. The objective of phylogeny is the study of the genome from an evolutionary perspective, which is to understand the mechanisms of change that occur in the genome, as well as the interrelation with its evolution and phenotypic characteristics. The result of the phylogenomic tree is the relationship between taxa in the phylogenomic tree by descent from a recent common ancestor, and less related if they have a less recent common ancestor (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B54">Samolski, 2014</xref>). The phylogenomic tree shows the 123 species of the genus <italic>Bacillus</italic>, which results in the visualization of the comparison of sequences from different organisms and allows grouping them into families that correspond to groups of genes with some similarity descended from a common ancestral gene (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 2</xref>). One of the inheritances that occur between species is the biocontrol capacity, which consists of being able to control diseases produced by different microorganisms (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Alcaraz <italic>et al</italic>., 2010</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B61">Teem <italic>et al</italic>., 2020</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">Bernal, 2021</xref>). Based on the results obtained, of the 123 <italic>Bacillus</italic> species downloaded from EzBioCloud only 58 species showed genes associated with biocontrol activity; in addition, of the total of these species in the literature, only 39 <italic>Bacillus</italic> species have been reported with biocontrol, where only 15 <italic>Bacillus</italic> species could produce lipopeptides, such as fengycin and surfactin.</p>
				<p>The genus <italic>Bacillus</italic> presents a large number of species with biocontrol capacity,</p>
				<p>likewise, there is a correlation between the phylogeny and biocontrol of <italic>Bacillus</italic></p>
				<p>species, for example, <italic>B. subtilis</italic> was the first strain characterized, and other strains</p>
				<p>with biocontrol capacity were identified: <italic>B. thuringiensis</italic>, <italic>B. licheniformis, B. tropicus</italic>, among other species. These are also phylogenomically close to <italic>B. subtilis</italic>; thus, it is concluded that there is a correlation between phylogeny and biocontrol. For example, <italic>Bacillus thuringiensis</italic>, a Gram-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, is widely used for the biocontrol of insect pests, which contributes to agricultural biosecurity when used as a biopesticide-like other species of the genus <italic>Bacillus</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">Lacey <italic>et al</italic>., 2015</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Córdova-Albores <italic>et al</italic>., 2020</xref>).</p>
				<p>Some of the most studied potential species are <italic>B. subtilis, B. pumilus, B. licheniformis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. cabrialesii, B. japonicum, B. cereus,</italic></p>
				<p><italic>B. thuringiensis, B. anthracis, B. mycoides,</italic> and <italic>B. pseudomycoides</italic>, as they have been shown to have antagonistic activity against various phytopathogenic microorganisms of agricultural interest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B70">Villarreal-Delgado <italic>et al.,</italic> 2018</xref>; Morales- Barrón <italic>et al</italic>., 2019; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B66">Valenzuela-Ruiz <italic>et al.,</italic> 2019</xref>). For example, in the study by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B69">Villa-Rodríguez and collaborators in 2019</xref>, strain TE3T shows promising traits against <italic>Bipolaris Sorokiniana</italic> TPQ3, the causal agent of wheat stain. In terms of biosafety, potential strains should be studied extensively before being used as biological control agents in the field. Importantly, the <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic> group, which includes agriculturally important species such as <italic>B. subtilis</italic>, <italic>B. licheniformis,</italic> and</p>
				<p><italic>B. pumilus</italic>, are not traditionally considered pathogenic to humans. <italic>B. subtilis</italic> has even received QPS (Qualified Presumption of Safety) status from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA, 2015). However, there are some isolated cases of intoxications forming digestive manifestations, so a strict and thorough analysis is necessary (Villareal-Delgado <italic>et al</italic>., 2018).</p>
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					<title>Conclusions</title>
					<p>The present strategy allowed us to correlate and predict the biological control capacity of the <italic>Bacillus</italic> species under study based on their taxonomic affiliation since at a shorter evolutionary distance from <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic> a high potential capacity to produce biological control compounds was observed. However, the possibility that they acquire the ability to produce new biocontrol compounds during their evolutionary separation is not ruled out. The genus <italic>Bacillus</italic> is genetically and metabolically diverse, so it is of great importance to perform genomic mining to predict the biological control capacity of the sequenced species and to be able to use them for biotechnological purposes.</p>
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				<title>Acknowledgments</title>
				<p>The authors would like to thank Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (PROFAPI_2024_0001), and Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnología for the scholarship granted with the number CVU 1229202 and CVU 1220883 to study a Master’s Degree in science in natural resources.</p>
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